CSS3 对过渡(transition)进行调速以及延时

时间:2021-05-08

1,使用调速函数控制过渡效果的速度曲线(加速,减速等)

使用调速函数可以设置过渡效果的速度曲线,从而实现过渡效果随着时间来改变其速度。比如:开始很慢然后加速或者开始很快然后减速。

(1)CSS3定义了如下的调速函数:

linear 规定以相同速度开始至结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,1,1))。
ease 规定慢速开始,然后变快,然后慢速结束的过渡效果(cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1))。
ease-in 规定以慢速开始的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,1,1))。
ease-out 规定以慢速结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1))。
ease-in-out 规定以慢速开始和结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,0.58,1))。
cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) 在 cubic-bezier 函数中定义自己的值。可能的值是 0 至 1 之间的数值。

(2)调速函数的使用
使用时只需要把调速函数跟在过渡属性的时间参数后面。如果不填的话则使用默认调速函数(ease)

transition: opacity 10s ease-in-out;

(3)使用样例1:
下面通过样例演示各种调速函数的效果区别。鼠标移入方框,方框内的方块会向右移动,同时方块会旋转,边角变圆角,背景色和文字颜色也在改变。这些样式的改变都会有过渡效果,同时由于使用不同的调速函数,过渡的快慢也是有区别的。

<!doctype html><html lang="en"> <head> <title>hangge.com</title> <style> .trans_box { padding: 20px; *zoom:1; } .trans_list { width: 10%; height: 64px; margin:10px 0; color:#fff; text-align:center; } .linear { -webkit-transition: all 4s linear; -moz-transition: all 4s linear; -o-transition: all 4s linear; transition: all 4s linear; } .ease { -webkit-transition: all 4s ease; -moz-transition: all 4s ease; -o-transition: all 4s ease; transition: all 4s ease; } .ease_in { -webkit-transition: all 4s ease-in; -moz-transition: all 4s ease-in; -o-transition: all 4s ease-in; transition: all 4s ease-in; } .ease_out { -webkit-transition: all 4s ease-out; -moz-transition: all 4s ease-out; -o-transition: all 4s ease-out; transition: all 4s ease-out; } .ease_in_out { -webkit-transition: all 4s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: all 4s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all 4s ease-in-out; transition: all 4s ease-in-out; } .trans_box:hover .trans_list, .trans_box_hover .trans_list { margin-left:89%; color:#333; -webkit-border-radius:25px; -moz-border-radius:25px; -o-border-radius:25px; border-radius:25px; -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); -moz-transform: rotate(360deg); -o-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } </style></head><div id="transBox" class="trans_box"> <div class="trans_list ease">ease<br>(default)</div> <div class="trans_list ease_in">ease-in</div> <div class="trans_list ease_out">ease-out</div> <div class="trans_list ease_in_out">ease-in-out</div> <div class="trans_list linear">linear</div></div></html>

(4)使用样例2:

下面通过对柱状图的宽度改变过渡,演示不同调速函数的效果区别。

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><style>div{margin:10px 0;width:100px;height:50px;background:#2D9900;color:white;font-weight:bold;transition:width 2s;-moz-transition:width 2s; -webkit-transition:width 2s; -o-transition:width 2s; } #div1 {transition-timing-function: linear;}#div2 {transition-timing-function: ease;}#div3 {transition-timing-function: ease-in;}#div4 {transition-timing-function: ease-out;}#div5 {transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;} #div1 {-moz-transition-timing-function: linear;}#div2 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease;}#div3 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}#div4 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}#div5 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;} #div1 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: linear;}#div2 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease;}#div3 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}#div4 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}#div5 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;} #div1 {-o-transition-timing-function: linear;}#div2 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease;}#div3 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}#div4 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}#div5 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;} .trans_box:hover div{width:500px;}</style></head><body><div id="transBox" class="trans_box"> <div id="div2" style="top:150px">ease<br>(default)</div> <div id="div3" style="top:200px">ease-in</div> <div id="div4" style="top:250px">ease-out</div> <div id="div5" style="top:300px">ease-in-out</div> <div id="div1" style="top:100px">linear</div></div></body></html>

2,为过渡增加延时

过渡属性还可以添加一个可选的延时,用以将过渡的开始推迟一段时间。下面是一个等待1秒的例子。
延时1秒

<!doctype html><html lang="en"> <head> <title>hangge.com</title> <style> .trans_box3 { padding: 20px; *zoom:1; } .trans_box3 div{ width:100px; height:50px; background:#2D9900; color:white; font-weight:bold; -webkit-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s; -moz-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s; -o-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s; transition: all 2s ease-out 1s; } .trans_box3:hover div { width:500px; } </style></head><div class="trans_box3"> <div>延时1秒</div></div></html>

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