前言：
varnish 为目前新兴起来的软件，由于中文文档比较少，配置文件比较复杂，所以在运用起来也是特别的费劲。一个偶然的机会在一个群里，有位varnish高手（ sens杨 ）发表了一篇他对varnish配置文件理解的文档。对于学者来说很有价值。所以转载了过来。
原文如下：
varnish配置文件原文地址:http://groups.drupal.org/node/63203
注：红色字体是英文的直接翻译，有些地方翻译的不好
绿色部分是一些思考，这个配置对自身的业务配置的很详细，现在对除了cookie和TTL那部分外其他可以理解80%，慢慢学习体会
backenddefault{.host="127.0.0.1";.port="8008";.connect_timeout=600s;.first_byte_timeout=600s;.between_bytes_timeout=600s;}backendlighttpd{.host="127.0.0.1";.port="81";.connect_timeout=600s;.first_byte_timeout=600s;.between_bytes_timeout=600s;}acltechmission_internal{"localhost";"127.0.0.1";}subvcl_recv{//Allowagraceperiodforoffering"stale"dataincasebackendlags(http://varnish-cache.org/wiki/VCLExampleGrace)//如果backend数据滞后，允许为“过时”数据提供一个宽松期setreq.grace=5m;//blockoutsideworldfromourtestsites//阻止非自己说测试网站（的数据访问）if((req.http.host~"/varnish-misc@projects.linpro.no/msg03296.html)*///规范化Accept-Encoding以减少Vary：Accept-Encoding影响（cf），也要注意Vary:User-Agent认为是有害的if(req.http.Accept-Encoding){//if先判断是否可以存在，是为了缩小处理范围？//看到的其他大部分配置直接就下面了，没有先判断Accept-Encoding是否存在，这点可以再考虑考虑//现在有req.can_gzip参数了，判断客户端是否接受压缩代码传输if(req.url~"\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$"){//Don'tcompressalready-compressedfilesremovereq.http.Accept-Encoding;}elsif(req.http.Accept-Encoding~"gzip"){setreq.http.Accept-Encoding="gzip";}elsif(req.http.Accept-Encoding~"deflate"){setreq.http.Accept-Encoding="deflate";}else{//unknownalgorithm//不了解运算removereq.http.Accept-Encoding;}}//Removehas_jsandGoogleAnalytics__*cookies.Alsoremovecollapsiblockcookies.//删除has_js和谷歌统计__*的cookies，同时删除collapsiblockcookiessetreq.http.Cookie=regsuball(req.http.Cookie,"(^|;\s*)(__[a-z]+|__utma_a2a|has_js|collapsiblock)=[^;]*","");//RemoveJSESSIONIDcookiefromChristianVolunteering.orgstaticfilesandpagesthataresameforallusers//从ChristianVolunteering.org静态文件和网页中删除JSESSIONIDcookie，所有的用户是一样（处理）的if(req.http.host~"christianvolunteering.org"&&(req.url~"^/$"||req.url~"(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)\.jsp$"||req.url~"org/org[0-9]+\.jsp$"||req.url~"org/opp[0-9]+\.jsp$"||req.url~"orglistings[0-9]+\.jsp$"||req.url~"org/[^/]+\.jsp$"||req.url~"volunteer/[^/]+\.jsp$")){setreq.http.Cookie=regsuball(req.http.Cookie,"(^|;\s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*","");}//Removea";"prefix,ifpresent.//如果有”;”前缀，则删除setreq.http.Cookie=regsub(req.http.Cookie,"^;\s*","");//Removeemptycookies.//删除空cookiesif(req.http.Cookie~"^\s*$"){unsetreq.http.Cookie;}//excludeumjobsandgospelpediatestsites//排除umjos和gospelpedia测试站点if(req.http.host~"domain1.org"||req.http.host~"domain2.org"){return(pass);}//excludethecronandsupercronpages//排除cron和supercron网页if(req.url~"cron.php"){return(pass);}//excludedynamicpages(asdidBoost)//排除动态网页（也是提高（处理））if(req.http.host~"domain.org"&&req.url~"^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))"){return(pass);}//excludeincaseofRefererTheme//排除Referer的一些主题if(req.http.host~"domain.org"&&req.http.referer~""){return(pass);}//修复Moodle规则//CacheMoodlethemefiles//缓存Moodle主题文件if(req.url~"/pix/.*\.gif$"){return(lookup);}//Moodledoesn'tliketobecached,passing//Moodle主题不能缓存的就passif(req.http.Cookie~"(MoodleSession|MoodleSessionTest)"){return(pass);}if(req.http.host==""){setobj.http.X-Cacheable="NO:RefererTheme"obj.http.X-Cacheable;if(obj.http.X-TTL-Extend){unsetobj.http.X-TTL-Extend;}}if(req.request=="POST"){setobj.http.X-Cacheable="NO:POSTrequest"obj.http.X-Cacheable;if(obj.http.X-TTL-Extend){unsetobj.http.X-TTL-Extend;}}if(req.http.Authorization){setobj.http.X-Cacheable="NO:HTTPAuthentication"obj.http.X-Cacheable;if(obj.http.X-TTL-Extend){unsetobj.http.X-TTL-Extend;}}//extendTTLforurbanministry.orgobjects(butnotpanels,views,orquicktabs);invalidationthruvarnish.module+um_common.module//为urbaministry.org对象扩展TTL（不是面板、视图，或者quicktabs）；经过varnish.module+um_common.module失效if((req.http.host=="/varnish-misc@projects.linpro.no/msg03296.html) */ //规范化Accept-Encoding以减少Vary：Accept-Encoding影响（cf），也要注意Vary: User-Agent认为是有害的 if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { //if先判断是否可以存在，是为了缩小处理范围？ //看到的其他大部分配置直接就下面了，没有先判断Accept-Encoding是否存在，这点可以再考虑考虑 //现在有req.can_gzip参数了，判断客户端是否接受压缩代码传输 if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") { // Don't compress already-compressed files remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { // unknown algorithm // 不了解运算 remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } // Remove has_js and Google Analytics __* cookies. Also remove collapsiblock cookies. //删除has_js和谷歌统计__*的cookies，同时删除collapsiblock cookies set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;\s*)(__[a-z]+|__utma_a2a|has_js|collapsiblock)=[^;]*", ""); // Remove JSESSIONID cookie from ChristianVolunteering.org static files and pages that are same for all users //从ChristianVolunteering.org静态文件和网页中删除JSESSIONID cookie，所有的用户是一样（处理）的 if (req.http.host ~ "christianvolunteering.org" && (req.url ~ "^/$" || req.url ~ "(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "org/org[0-9]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "org/opp[0-9]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "orglistings[0-9]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "org/[^/]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "volunteer/[^/]+\.jsp$") ) { set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;\s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*", ""); } // Remove a ";" prefix, if present. //如果有”;”前缀，则删除 set req.http.Cookie = regsub(req.http.Cookie, "^;\s*", ""); // Remove empty cookies. // 删除空cookies if (req.http.Cookie ~ "^\s*$") { unset req.http.Cookie; } // exclude umjobs and gospelpedia test sites // 排除umjos和gospelpedia测试站点 if (req.http.host ~ "domain1.org" || req.http.host ~ "domain2.org") { return (pass); } // exclude the cron and supercron pages // 排除cron和supercron网页 if (req.url ~ "cron.php") { return (pass); } // exclude dynamic pages (as did Boost) // 排除动态网页（也是提高（处理）） if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.url ~ "^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))" ) { return (pass); } // exclude in case of Referer Theme // 排除Referer的一些主题 if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.http.referer ~ "") { return (pass); } // 修复Moodle规则 // Cache Moodle theme files //缓存Moodle主题文件 if (req.url ~ "/pix/.*\.gif$") { return (lookup); } // Moodle doesn't like to be cached, passing //Moodle主题不能缓存的就pass if (req.http.Cookie ~ "(MoodleSession|MoodleSessionTest)") { return (pass); } if (req.http.host == "www.domain.edu" && req.url ~ "^/courses") { return (pass); } if (req.url ~ "file.php") { return (pass); } // WPMU themes are not playing well with static file caching //WPMU主题使用静态文件缓存运行的不太好 if (req.http.host == "domain.org" && req.url ~ "/blogs/(.*)/wp-content/themes") { return (pass); } /* 静态文件缓存规则 // static files get served by Lighttpd // 使用Lightted服务静态文件 if (req.http.host != "server2.techmission.org" && req.url ~ "\.(gif|jpg|swf|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|tif|svg|swf|ico|doc|ppt|pps|xls|odc|odb|odf|odg|odi|odp|ods|odt|sxc|sxd|sxi|sxw)$") { // Lighttpd does not require cookies unset req.http.Cookie; unset req.http.Authorization; set req.backend = lighttpd; } // large media files get piped directly to lighttpd, to avoid overfilling cache // 大媒体文件直接使用pipe方式到lightted，避免缓存溢出 if (req.url ~ "\.(mp3|mp4|m4a|ogg|mov|avi|wmv)$" && req.url !~ "audio/download") { set req.backend = lighttpd; pipe; } // pipe large media files that come from Drupal, also, but they can't go to lighty // pipe从Drupal过来的大媒体文件，同时不去lighty if (req.url ~ "audio/play" || req.url ~ "audio/download") { pipe; } } sub vcl_hash { if (req.http.Cookie) { set req.hash += req.http.Cookie; } /* 基于User-Agent的移动网站有一个单独的对象缓存 if (req.http.host == "www.domain.org" && req.http.User-Agent ~ "(iPhone|iPod)") { set req.hash += "mobile"; } } sub vcl_fetch { // Grace to allow varnish to serve content if backend is lagged // 如果backend滞后，允许varnish服务内容有一个缓冲期 set obj.grace = 5m; // Add line showing what cookie is once stripped by regex in vcl_recv //在vcl_recv中通过regex增加展示cookie一次被剥夺的行 set obj.http.X-Stripped-Cookie = req.http.Cookie; set obj.http.X-Request-URL = req.url; //删除那些阻止缓存的Set-Cookie头 // Don't have cookies on static files (gchaix says may cause loss of session; I haven't observed that) if (req.url ~ "\.(gif|jpg|swf|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|tiff|tif|svg|swf|ico|doc|ppt|pps|xls|odc|odb|odf|odg|odi|odp|ods|odt|sxc|sxd|sxi|sxw)$") { remove obj.http.Set-Cookie; } // Don't set session cookie on ChristianVolunteering.org static files or pages that are same for all users //对于（头）ChristianVolunteering.org的静态文件和网页，对所有用户不设置session cookie if (req.http.host ~ "christianvolunteering.org" && (req.url ~ "^/$" || req.url ~ "(searchform|advancedsearch|shorttermmissions|recruitvolunteers|volunteergettingstarted|virtualvolunteer|organizationsearch|abs-bible-outreach|ab*ecutive-volunteers|abs-traveling-engagement-center|churchinstructions|sitemap|city|virtual|organizationlistings|orglistings7407|technology|volunteerlistings|forgotpassword|churchvolunteer|churchvolunteering|servicetrip|region|citysitemap|searchformadv|personalitytest|groupvolunteering|disasterreliefvolunteering|disasterrelief|internships|christiangapyear|about|FAQs|bookrecommendations|contact|pressrelease|training|volunteerstart|volunteerstories|articles)\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "org/org[0-9]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "org/opp[0-9]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "orglistings[0-9]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "org/[^/]+\.jsp$" || req.url ~ "volunteer/[^/]+\.jsp$") ) { set obj.http.Set-Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "(^|;\s*)(JSESSIONID)=[^;]*", ""); // Remove empty set-cookie. if (obj.http.Set-Cookie ~ "^\s*$") { unset obj.http.Set-Cookie; } } // If on www.urbanministry.org or static.urbanministry.org, extend TTL by default (pt. 1) //对于www.urbanministry.org或static.urbanministry.org，默认情况下扩展TTL if (req.http.host == "www.domain.org" || req.http.host == "static.domain.org") { set obj.http.X-TTL-Extend = "YES"; } // If on cityvision.edu, but not in Moodle, or if on blazinggrace.org, but not in forums, or if on techmission.org, change obj.ttl //如果主机头是cityvision.edu但是不在Moodle中，或者主机头是blazinggrace.org，但不在forums中，或者主机头是techmission.org，更改obj.ttl if ((req.http.host ~ "domain.edu" && req.url !~ "/courses") || (req.http.host ~ "blazinggrace.org" && req.url !~ "/forums") || (req.http.host ~ "techmission.org")) { set obj.ttl = 7d; set obj.http.X-Extended-TTL = "7d"; } if (obj.status == 404) { set obj.ttl = 1s; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } if (!obj.cacheable) { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Varnish says not cacheable " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } // exclude umjobs and gospelpedia test sites // 排除umjobs和gospelpedia测试站点 if (req.http.host ~ "domain1.org" || req.http.host ~ "domain2.org") { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Test domain " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } if (obj.http.Set-Cookie) { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Set-Cookie " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } if (req.http.Cookie ~ "DRUPAL_UID|SESS") { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Got Session " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } if (obj.http.Cache-Control ~ "private" || obj.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache") { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Cache-Control set to not cache " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } if (req.url ~ "cron.php") { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Cron job " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Extend) { unset obj.http.X-TTL-Extend; } } if (req.http.host ~ "domain.org" && req.url ~ "^/(user/login|user/password|user/register|logout|cart|post-blog|site-feedback|cgi-bin/webscr|redirect-home|cv-enroll|recommended-content|node/8755|node/8830|node/8351|node/8757|node/8831|cart/(.*)|uc_paypal/(.*)|civicrm/(.*)|admin/(.*)|recommended-content/(.*)|comment/reply/(.*)|node/add/(.*))" ) { set obj.http.X-Cacheable = "NO: Drupal un-cacheable path " obj.http.X-Cacheable; if (obj.http.X-TTL-Ex 
