压缩文件：

编辑apache模块

vim /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf

确保以下三个模块没有被注释

LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so

注意：也可以把三个模块放到/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf文件里，模块只能在一个文件中加载

设置压缩规则

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

末尾添加

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/vnd.ms-fontobject
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-opentype
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-otf
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-truetype
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-font-ttf
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-php
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-httpd-fastphp
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/opentype
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/otf
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE font/ttf
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/svg+xml
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE image/x-icon
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
# Remove browser bugs (only needed for really old browsers)
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
#SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI .(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary #设置不对后缀gif，jpg，jpeg，png的图片文件进行压缩
Header append Vary User-Agent
</IfModule>

压缩率一般都大于70%

压缩率检测（http://tool.chinaz.com/Gzips/）只能在pc端检测

设置缓存：

vim /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf

确保以下模块没有被注释

LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so #第一种缓存方式
LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so #第二种缓存方式

注意：也可以把这个模块放到/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf文件里，模块只能在一个文件中加载

设置缓存规则

vim /var/www/html/.htaccess

末尾添加

第一种缓存方式

FileEtag INode Mtime Size

第二种缓存方式

# 缓存有效时间 1 月
<FilesMatch "\.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public"
</FilesMatch>
<FilesMatch "\.(html|txt|htm|php)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public, must-revalidate"
</FilesMatch>

注意：max-age为缓存时间，单位秒，按需修改

第三种缓存方式

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

添加以下内容

<IfModule expires_module>
ExpiresActive On
#css文件缓存2592000/3600/24=1月
ExpiresByType text/css A2592000
#js文件缓存2592000/3600/24=1月
ExpiresByType application/x-javascript A2592000
ExpiresByType application/javascript A2592000
#html文件缓存2592000/3600/24=1月
ExpiresByType text/html A2592000
#图片文件缓存2592000/3600/24=1月
ExpiresByType image/jpg A2592000
ExpiresByType image/jpeg A2592000
ExpiresByType image/gif A2592000
ExpiresByType image/png A2592000
ExpiresByType image/ico A2592000
ExpiresByType image/x-icon A2592000
#文件默认缓存1月
ExpiresDefault "access plus 30 days"
</IfModule>

注意：以上方式，三选一

重启apache服务

service httpd restart

注意：apache设置压缩和缓存都会增加服务器的内存压力，但设置压缩和缓存之后，网站的访问速度会有所提高