有参数传递的地方都少不了参数校验。在web开发中，前端的参数校验是为了用户体验，后端的参数校验是为了安全。试想一下，如果在controller层中没有经过任何校验的参数通过service层、dao层一路来到了数据库就可能导致严重的后果，最好的结果是查不出数据，严重一点就是报错，如果这些没有被校验的参数中包含了恶意代码，那就可能导致更严重的后果。

实践

一、引入依赖

<!--引入spring-boot-starter-validation--><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId></dependency>

二、使用校验

在controller层的参数校验可以分为两种场景：

单个参数校验
实体类参数校验

2.1 单参数校验

/** * 参数校验测试 控制类 * @author oyc */@RestController@RequestMapping("user")@Validatedpublic class RequestParamsValidatedController { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @GetMapping public User test(@NotNull(message = "姓名不能为空") String name, @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空") @Max(value = 99, message = "不能大于200岁") Integer age) { logger.info("name:" + name + " -age:" + age); return new User(name, age); }}

2.2实体类参数校验

/** * 参数校验测试 控制类 * @author oyc */@RestController@RequestMapping("user")@Validatedpublic class RequestParamsValidatedController { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @PostMapping public User save(@Validated User user) { logger.info(user.toString()); return user; }}package com.oycbest.springbootvalidated.vo; import javax.validation.constraints.*;import java.io.Serializable; /** * 用户实体类 * @author oyc */public class User implements Serializable { private String userId; @NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空") private String userName; @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空") @Max(value = 100, message = "年龄不能大于100岁") private int age; @NotNull(message = "邮箱不能为空") @Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确") private String email; @NotNull(message = "电话号码不能为空") private String phoneNumber; public User(@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空") String userName, int age) { this.userName = userName; this.age = age; } public User() { } public User(String userId, @NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空") String userName, int age, String email, String phoneNumber) { this.userId = userId; this.userName = userName; this.age = age; this.email = email; this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; } public String getUserId() { return userId; } public void setUserId(String userId) { this.userId = userId; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getPhoneNumber() { return phoneNumber; } public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) { this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "userId='" + userId + '\'' + ", userName='" + userName + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", email='" + email + '\'' + ", phoneNumber='" + phoneNumber + '\'' + '}'; }}

2.3 定义统一异常处理

package com.oycbest.springbootvalidated.exception; import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.validation.BindException;import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus; import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;import javax.validation.ValidationException;import java.util.List;import java.util.Set; /** * 全局异常处理 * * @author oyc */@ControllerAdvice@Componentpublic class GlobalExceptionHandler { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Bean public MethodValidationPostProcessor methodValidationPostProcessor() { return new MethodValidationPostProcessor(); } @ExceptionHandler @ResponseBody @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST) public String handle(ValidationException exception) { logger.error("请求异常：" + exception.getMessage()); if (exception instanceof ConstraintViolationException) { ConstraintViolationException exs = (ConstraintViolationException) exception; Set<ConstraintViolation<?>> violations = exs.getConstraintViolations(); for (ConstraintViolation<?> item : violations) { //打印验证不通过的信息 logger.error("请求异常：" + item.getMessage()); } } return "请求异常： " + exception.getMessage(); } @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(value = BindException.class) public String bindException(Exception e) { if (e instanceof BindException) { BindException exs = (BindException) e; List<FieldError> fieldErrors = exs.getFieldErrors(); for (FieldError item : fieldErrors) { logger.error("请求异常：" + item.getDefaultMessage()); } } logger.error("数据绑定异常：" + e.getMessage()); return "数据绑定异常"; } @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class) public String defaultException(Exception e) { logger.error("请求异常：" + e.getMessage()); return "请求异常 " + e.getMessage(); } }

三、约束性注解(简单)说明

注解

功能

@AssertFalse

可以为null,如果不为null的话必须为false

@AssertTrue

可以为null,如果不为null的话必须为true

@DecimalMax

设置不能超过最大值

@DecimalMin

设置不能超过最小值

@Digits

设置必须是数字且数字整数的位数和小数的位数必须在指定范围内

@Future

日期必须在当前日期的未来

@Past

日期必须在当前日期的过去

@Max

最大不得超过此最大值

@Min

最大不得小于此最小值

@NotNull

不能为null，可以是空

@Null

必须为null

@Pattern

必须满足指定的正则表达式

@Size

集合、数组、map等的size()值必须在指定范围内

@Email

必须是email格式

@Length

长度必须在指定范围内

@NotBlank

字符串不能为null,字符串trim()后也不能等于“”

@NotEmpty

不能为null，集合、数组、map等size()不能为0；字符串trim()后可以等于“”

@Range

值必须在指定范围内

@URL

必须是一个URL

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