Win32 API

Win32 API即为Microsoft 32位平台的应用程序编程接口（Application Programming Interface）。所有在Win32平台上运行的应用程序都可以调用这些函数

• 使用Win32 API，应用程序可以充分挖掘Windows的32位操作系统的潜力。 Microsoft的所有32位平台都支持统一的API，包括函数、结构、消息、宏及接口。使用 Win32 API不但可以开发出在各种平台上都能成功运行的应用程序，而且也可以充分利用每个平台特有的功能和属性。
• 在具体编程时，程序实现方式的差异依赖于相应平台的底层功能的不同。最显著的差异是某些函数只能在更强大的平台上实现其功能。例如，安全函数只能在Windows NT操作系统下使用。另外一些主要差别就是系统限制，比如值的范围约束，或函数可管理的项目个数等等。

本文介绍Windows系统下使用Win32API获取当前应用并关闭的方法。

思路

使用EnumWindows接口枚举当前窗口;

过滤掉不可用、隐藏、最小化的窗口；

过滤掉子窗口；

通过标题、类名过滤掉系统窗口；

使用PostMessage发送关闭窗口信息。

具体实现

// 过滤掉系统的一些窗口private static string[] filterTitles = new string[1] { "program manager"};private static string[] filterClasses = new string[5] { "shell_traywnd", "workerw", "button", "progman", "windows.ui.core.corewindow"};private void CloseCurrentApp(){ CallBack sort = new CallBack(EnumCallback); EnumWindows(sort, 0); return;}private bool EnumCallback(IntPtr hwnd, int lParam){ string title = GetWindowText(hwnd); StringBuilder className = new StringBuilder(256); int nRet = GetClassName(hwnd, className, className.Capacity); if (nRet == 0) className.Append(""); if (!IsWindowVisible(hwnd)) return true; if (!IsWindowEnabled(hwnd)) return true; if (IsIconic(hwnd)) return true; // 过滤掉子窗口 IntPtr parent = GetParent(hwnd); string parentTitle = GetWindowText(parent); if (parent != IntPtr.Zero) { if (IsWindowVisible(parent) && IsWindowEnabled(parent)) return true; } IntPtr owner = GetWindow(hwnd, GW_OWNER); if (owner != IntPtr.Zero) { if (IsWindowVisible(owner) && IsWindowEnabled(owner)) return true; } if (!filterTitles.Contains(title.ToLower()) && !filterClasses.Contains(className.ToString().ToLower())) { PostMessage(hwnd, WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_CLOSE, 0); Console.WriteLine("关闭窗口(句柄：{0}, 标题：{1})！", hwnd, title); #region 获取窗口信息 int processID = -1; long threadID = -1; processID = GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, out threadID); bool isiconic = IsIconic(hwnd); uint gwlStyle = (uint)GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_STYLE); IntPtr hProcess = OpenProcess(ProcessAccessFlags.QueryInformation, false, processID); string fullPath = ""; if (hProcess != IntPtr.Zero) { int capacity = 1024; StringBuilder processName = new StringBuilder(capacity); QueryFullProcessImageName(hProcess, 0, processName, ref capacity); fullPath = processName.ToString(0, capacity); CloseHandle(hProcess); } Console.WriteLine("-------------------窗口info:---------------"); Console.WriteLine("====标题：{0} 句柄：{1}====", title, hwnd); Console.WriteLine("====父窗口标题：{0} 父窗口句柄：{1}====", parentTitle, parent); Console.WriteLine("====进程ID：{0} 类名：{1}====", processID, className.ToString()); Console.WriteLine("====进程名：{0}====", fullPath); Console.WriteLine("====isiconic：{0} 样式：{1}====", isiconic, gwlStyle); WINDOWPLACEMENT placement = new WINDOWPLACEMENT(); placement.length = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf(placement); GetWindowPlacement(hwnd, ref placement); Console.WriteLine("====placement：{0}====", placement.showCmd); EnumPropsDelegate prop = new EnumPropsDelegate(EnumPropsProc); EnumProps(hwnd, prop); #endregion 获取窗口信息 return false; } return true;}private bool EnumPropsProc(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr lpszString, IntPtr hData){ string propName = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(lpszString); Console.WriteLine("====属性：{0} 数据：{1}====", propName, hData); return true;}#region Win32Apipublic const int GWL_STYLE = (-16);public const int GWL_EXSTYLE = (-20);public const int GW_OWNER = 4;public const int WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW = 0x00000080;public const int WM_SYSCOMMAND = 0x0112;public const int WM_CLOSE = 0x10;public const int SC_CLOSE = 0xF060;public delegate bool CallBack(IntPtr hwnd, int lparam);public delegate bool EnumPropsDelegate(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr lpszString, IntPtr hData);[DllImport("user32.dll")]public static extern int EnumWindows(CallBack x, int y);[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]internal static extern int GetWindowText(IntPtr hWnd, System.Text.StringBuilder lpString, int nMaxCount);[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]public static extern int GetWindowTextLength(IntPtr hWnd);[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]public static extern int GetClassName(IntPtr hWnd, System.Text.StringBuilder lpClassName, int nMaxCount);[DllImport("user32.dll")]public static extern bool IsWindowVisible(IntPtr hwnd);[DllImport("user32.dll")]public static extern bool IsWindowEnabled(IntPtr hwnd);[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "IsIconic")]public static extern bool IsIconic(IntPtr hWnd);[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]public static extern IntPtr GetParent(IntPtr hwnd);[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]public static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hwndParent, int nCmd);[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetWindowLongA", SetLastError = true)]public static extern long GetWindowLong(IntPtr hwnd, int nIndex);[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessageA", SetLastError = true)]public static extern bool PostMessage(IntPtr hwnd, uint Msg, uint wParam, uint lParam);[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetWindowThreadProcessId", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]public static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out long lpdwProcessId);[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]public static extern IntPtr OpenProcess( ProcessAccessFlags processAccess, bool bInheritHandle, int processId);[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]public static extern bool QueryFullProcessImageName([In]IntPtr hProcess, [In]int dwFlags, [Out]System.Text.StringBuilder lpExeName, ref int lpdwSize);[DllImport("coredll.dll", SetLastError = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Winapi, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)][return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)][return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]public static extern bool GetWindowPlacement(IntPtr hWnd, ref WINDOWPLACEMENT lpwndpl);[DllImport("user32.dll")]public static extern int EnumProps(IntPtr hWnd, EnumPropsDelegate lpEnumFunc);public struct WINDOWPLACEMENT{ public int length; public int flags; public int showCmd; public System.Drawing.Point ptMinPosition; public System.Drawing.Point ptMaxPosition; public System.Drawing.Rectangle rcNormalPosition;}[Flags]public enum ProcessAccessFlags : uint{ All = 0x001F0FFF, Terminate = 0x00000001, CreateThread = 0x00000002, VirtualMemoryOperation = 0x00000008, VirtualMemoryRead = 0x00000010, VirtualMemoryWrite = 0x00000020, DuplicateHandle = 0x00000040, CreateProcess = 0x000000080, SetQuota = 0x00000100, SetInformation = 0x00000200, QueryInformation = 0x00000400, QueryLimitedInformation = 0x00001000, Synchronize = 0x00100000}public static string GetWindowText(IntPtr hwnd){ int capacity = GetWindowTextLength(hwnd) * 2; System.Text.StringBuilder lpString = new System.Text.StringBuilder(capacity); GetWindowText(hwnd, lpString, lpString.Capacity); if (lpString.Length > 0) { return lpString.ToString(); } return string.Empty;}#endregion Win32Api

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