透过程式存取Windows网路分享的档案也算常见需求，但存取身分是个问题。之前我惯用的技巧是用有权限的AD网域帐号执行排程存取网路分享，但这招要搬进网站或遇到不同网路分享用不同帐号便会破功。最近遇上类似议题，直觉要得回头靠WinAPI Impersonation解决，之前曾写过通用元件，担心11年前Windows Vista/7时代的作品有点过时，就爬文找找更好的做法。

之前的变身做法是改变Thread的执行身分，然而针对网路分享还有另一个WinAPI - WNetAddConnection2，可做到对多个网路分享使用不同登入身分。在stackoverflow找到有人分享把它包成搭配using使用的Context物件，符合我惯用的风格，二话不说，按赞并写文分享。

为方便使用，我再做了一层包装，写了一个NetworkCopier，将查目录或复制档案动作简化成Copy(srcNetPath, targetPath, domain, userId, passwd)、DirFiles(srcNetPath, domain, userId, passwd)，并支援预设帐密可省略输入domain, userId, passwd；另外还有GetConnetionContext(path, domain, userId, passwd) 可取回NetworkConnection 物件方便用同一连线身分进行多项操作，若来源与目的属不同网路分享则可套叠多重身分，写成：

using (var ctxA = NetworkCopier.GetConnetionContext("\\SvrA\Share", MyAD", "userX", "***"){ using (var ctxB = NetworkCopier.GetConnetionContext("\\SvrB\Share", MyAD", "userY", "***") { File.Copy(@"\\SvrA\Share\SubFolder\test.txt", @"\\SvrB\Share\test.txt"); File.Copy(@"\\SvrA\Share\hello.txt", @"\\SvrB\Share\Temp\hello.txt"); }}

建立NetworkConnection时，需要引入共享路径而不是完整路径，例如要访问\\SvrA\Share\SubFolder\test.txt，建立NetworkConnection的参数为\\SvrA\Share\，为省去人工截取的麻烦，我写了一段正则表达式更顺手。

完整程式如下，需要的朋友请自取使用：

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.IO;using System.Linq;using System.Net;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;using System.Text.RegularExpressions;using System.Web;namespace MyApp.Models{ public class NetworkCopier { static string defaultDomain = null; static string defaultUserId = null; static string defaultPasswd = null; static NetworkCopier() { try { //TODO: 由設定檔、Registry 或 DB 取得帳號設定，密碼記得要加密保存 var p = ReadCredentialInfo().Split('\t'); defaultDomain = p[0]; defaultUserId = p[1]; defaultPasswd = p[2]; } catch { } } static string NotNull(string s) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s)) throw new ApplicationException("未設定預設登入身分"); return s; } static string DefaultDomain => NotNull(defaultDomain); static string DefaultUserId => NotNull(defaultUserId); static string DefaultPassword => NotNull(defaultPasswd); static string GetSharePath(string path) { var m = Regex.Match(path, @"^\\\\[^\\]+\\[^\\]+"); if (m.Success) return m.Value; return path; } public static void Copy(string srcPath, string dstPath, string domain = null, string userId = null, string passwd = null) { using (new NetworkConnection(GetSharePath(srcPath), new NetworkCredential(userId ?? DefaultUserId, passwd ?? DefaultPassword, domain ?? DefaultDomain))) { File.Copy(srcPath, dstPath); } } public static string[] DirFiles(string path, string pattern, string domain = null, string userId = null, string passwd = null) { using (new NetworkConnection(GetSharePath(path), new NetworkCredential(userId ?? DefaultUserId, passwd ?? DefaultPassword, domain ?? DefaultDomain))) { return Directory.GetFiles(path, pattern); } } public static GetConnectionContext(string path, string domain = null, string userId = null, string passwd = null) { return new NetworkConnection(GetSharePath(path), new NetworkCredential(userId ?? DefaultUserId, passwd ?? DefaultPassword, domain ?? DefaultDomain)); } } //引用來源: https://stackoverflow.com/a/1197430/288936 public class NetworkConnection : IDisposable { string _networkName; public NetworkConnection(string networkName, NetworkCredential credentials) { _networkName = networkName; var netResource = new NetResource() { Scope = ResourceScope.GlobalNetwork, ResourceType = ResourceType.Disk, DisplayType = ResourceDisplaytype.Share, RemoteName = networkName }; var userName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(credentials.Domain) ? credentials.UserName : string.Format(@"{0}\{1}", credentials.Domain, credentials.UserName); var result = WNetAddConnection2( netResource, credentials.Password, userName, 0); if (result != 0) { throw new Win32Exception(result); } } ~NetworkConnection() { Dispose(false); } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { WNetCancelConnection2(_networkName, 0, true); } [DllImport("mpr.dll")] private static extern int WNetAddConnection2(NetResource netResource, string password, string username, int flags); [DllImport("mpr.dll")] private static extern int WNetCancelConnection2(string name, int flags, bool force); } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public class NetResource { public ResourceScope Scope; public ResourceType ResourceType; public ResourceDisplaytype DisplayType; public int Usage; public string LocalName; public string RemoteName; public string Comment; public string Provider; } public enum ResourceScope : int { Connected = 1, GlobalNetwork, Remembered, Recent, Context }; public enum ResourceType : int { Any = 0, Disk = 1, Print = 2, Reserved = 8, } public enum ResourceDisplaytype : int { Generic = 0x0, Domain = 0x01, Server = 0x02, Share = 0x03, File = 0x04, Group = 0x05, Network = 0x06, Root = 0x07, Shareadmin = 0x08, Directory = 0x09, Tree = 0x0a, Ndscontainer = 0x0b }}

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