这篇文章主要介绍了SpringBoot注入配置文件的3种方法详解,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

方案1:@ConfigurationProperties+@Component

定义spring的一个实体bean装载配置文件信息，其它要使用配置信息是注入该实体bean/** * 将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值，映射到这个组件中 * @ConfigurationProperties：告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定； * prefix = "person"：配置文件中哪个下面的所有属性进行一一映射 * * 只有这个组件是容器中的组件，才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能； * */@Component@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")public class Person {​ private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth;​ private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;

方案2：@Bean+@ConfigurationProperties

我们还可以把@ConfigurationProperties还可以直接定义在@bean的注解上，这是bean实体类就不用@Component和@ConfigurationProperties了，这边是Boot的动态数据源切换的类。

package com.topcheer.oss.base.datasource;​import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;​import com.xiaoleilu.hutool.crypto.symmetric.SymmetricAlgorithm;import com.xiaoleilu.hutool.crypto.symmetric.SymmetricCrypto;import com.xiaoleilu.hutool.util.CharsetUtil;import com.xiaoleilu.hutool.util.HexUtil;​import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;​@Slf4jpublic class UmspscDataSource extends DruidDataSource {​ private static final long serialVersionUID = 4766401181052251539L;​ private String passwordDis; /** * 密匙 */ private final static String Pkey ="1234565437892132"; @Override public String getPassword() { if(passwordDis != null && passwordDis.length() > 0) { return passwordDis; } String encPassword = super.getPassword(); if(null == encPassword) { return null; } log.info("数据库密码加解密，{" + encPassword + "}"); try { // 密文解密，解密方法可以修改 String key = HexUtil.encodeHexStr(Pkey); SymmetricCrypto aes = new SymmetricCrypto(SymmetricAlgorithm.AES, key.getBytes()); passwordDis = aes.decryptStr(encPassword, CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8); return passwordDis; } catch (Exception e) { log.error("数据库密码解密出错，{"+encPassword + "}"); //log.error(LogUtil.e(e)); //throw new Exception("数据库密码解密失败！", e); return null; } }}@Bean(name = "systemDataSource") @ConfigurationProperties(ignoreUnknownFields = false, prefix = "spring.datasource.system") public DataSource systemDataSource() { return new UmspscDataSource(); }​ @Bean(name = "secondDataSource") @ConfigurationProperties(ignoreUnknownFields = false, prefix = "spring.datasource.second") public DataSource secondDataSource() { return new UmspscDataSource(); } @Bean(name="systemJdbcTemplate") public JdbcTemplate systemJdbcTemplate( @Qualifier("systemDataSource") DataSource dataSource) { return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } @Bean(name="secondJdbcTemplate") public JdbcTemplate secondJdbcTemplate( @Qualifier("secondDataSource") DataSource dataSource) { return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); }

方案3:@ConfigurationProperties + @EnableConfigurationProperties

我们和上面例子一样注解属性，然后用 Spring的@Autowire来注入 mail configuration bean:

package com.dxz.property;​import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;​@ConfigurationProperties(locations = "classpath:mail.properties", ignoreUnknownFields = false, prefix = "mail")public class MailProperties { private String host; private int port; private String from; private String username; private String password; private Smtp smtp;​ // ... getters and setters public String getHost() { return host; }​ public void setHost(String host) { this.host = host; }​ public int getPort() { return port; }​ public void setPort(int port) { this.port = port; }​ public String getFrom() { return from; }​ public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; }​ public String getUsername() { return username; }​ public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }​ public String getPassword() { return password; }​ public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; }​ public Smtp getSmtp() { return smtp; }​ public void setSmtp(Smtp smtp) { this.smtp = smtp; } @Override public String toString() { return "MailProperties [host=" + host + ", port=" + port + ", from=" + from + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", smtp=" + smtp + "]"; }​ public static class Smtp { private boolean auth; private boolean starttlsEnable;​ public boolean isAuth() { return auth; }​ public void setAuth(boolean auth) { this.auth = auth; }​ public boolean isStarttlsEnable() { return starttlsEnable; }​ public void setStarttlsEnable(boolean starttlsEnable) { this.starttlsEnable = starttlsEnable; } }}

启动类及测试类：

package com.dxz.property;​import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;​@RestController@SpringBootApplication@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailProperties.class)public class TestProperty1 {​ @Autowired private MailProperties mailProperties; @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public String hello() { System.out.println("mailProperties" + mailProperties); return "hello world"; }​ public static void main(String[] args) { //SpringApplication.run(TestProperty1.class, args); new SpringApplicationBuilder(TestProperty1.class).web(true).run(args);​ }}

结果：

请注意@EnableConfigurationProperties注解。该注解是用来开启对@ConfigurationProperties注解配置Bean的支持。也就是@EnableConfigurationProperties注解告诉Spring Boot 能支持@ConfigurationProperties。如果不指定会看到如下异常:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.dxz.property.MailProperties] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

注意: 还有其他办法 (Spring Boot 总是有其他办法!) 让@ConfigurationProperties beans 被添加 – 用@Configuration或者 @Component注解, 这样就可以在 component scan时候被发现了。

@ConfigurationProperties @Value 功能 批量注入配置文件中的属性 一个个指定 松散绑定（松散语法） 支持 不支持 SpEL 不支持 支持 JSR303数据校验 支持 不支持 复杂类型封装 支持 不支持

配置文件yml还是properties他们都能获取到值；

如果说，我们只是在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值，使用@Value；

如果说，我们专门编写了一个javaBean来和配置文件进行映射，我们就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties；

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。