C++中关键字Struct和Class的区别

时间:2021-05-20

Struct和Class的区别

今天这篇博文主要讲解在C++中关键字struct和class的区别。这篇博文,将会系统的将这两个关键字的不同面进行详细的讲解。

从语法上来讲,class和struct做类型定义时只有两点区别:

1.默认继承权限,如果不指定,来自class的继承按照private继承处理,来自struct的继承按照public继承处理;

2.成员的默认访问权限。class的成员默认是private权限,struct默认是public权限。以上两点也是struct和class最基本的差别,也是最本质的差别;

但是在C++中,struct进行了扩展,现在它已经不仅仅是一个包含不同数据类型的数据结构了,它包括了更多的功能。

Struct能包含成员函数吗?

是的,答案是肯定的。现在就让我写一段代码验证一下:
复制代码 代码如下:
/*
** FileName : StructAndClassDiffDemo
** Author : Jelly Young
** Date : 2013/12/7
** Description : More information, please go to https://
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Test
{
int a;
int getA()
{
return a;
}

void setA(int temp)
{
a = temp;
}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Test testStruct;
testStruct.setA(10);
cout<<"Get the value from struct:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl;

Test *testStructPointer = new Test;
testStructPointer->setA(20);
cout<<"Get the value from struct again:"<<testStructPointer->getA()<<endl;
delete testStructPointer;

return 0;
}

以上的代码会很正确的运行,是的;没错,struct能包含成员函数的。

Struct有自己的构造函数吗?

是的,可以的。看以下测试代码:

复制代码 代码如下:
/*
** FileName : StructAndClassDiffDemo
** Author : Jelly Young
** Date : 2013/12/7
** Description : More information, please go to https://
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Test
{
int a;

Test()
{
a = 100;
}

int getA()
{
return a;
}

void setA(int temp)
{
a = temp;
}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Test testStruct;
testStruct.setA(10);
cout<<"Get the value from struct:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl;
Test *testStructPointer = new Test;
testStructPointer->setA(20);
cout<<"Get the value from struct again:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl;
delete testStructPointer;

// test the constructor
Test testConstructor;
cout<<"Set the value by the construct and get it:"<<testConstructor.getA()<<endl;

return 0;
}

Struct可以有析构函数么?

让我来验证一下:

复制代码 代码如下:
/*
** FileName : StructAndClassDiffDemo
** Author : Jelly Young
** Date : 2013/12/7
** Description : More information, please go to https://
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Test
{
int a;

Test()
{
a = 100;
}

int getA()
{
return a;
}

void setA(int temp)
{
a = temp;
}

~Test()
{
cout<<"Destructor function called."<<endl;
}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Test testStruct;
testStruct.setA(10);
cout<<"Get the value from struct:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl;
Test *testStructPointer = new Test;
testStructPointer->setA(20);
cout<<"Get the value from struct again:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl;
delete testStructPointer;

// test the constructor
Test testConstructor;
cout<<"Set the value by the construct and get it:"<<testConstructor.getA()<<endl;

return 0;
}

是的,完全支持析构函数。

Struct支持继承么?

再让我写代码验证一下:
复制代码 代码如下:
/*
** FileName : StructAndClassDiffDemo
** Author : Jelly Young
** Date : 2013/12/7
** Description : More information, please go to https://
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct A
{
int a;
A()
{
a = 10;
}
void print()
{
cout<<"I am from A"<<endl;
}
};

struct B : A
{
int b;
B()
{
a = 30; // set a to 30
b = 20;
}

};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
B b1;
cout<<b1.a<<endl;
cout<<b1.b<<endl;
b1.print();

A a1;
cout<<a1.a<<endl;
a1.print();

return 0;
}

运行上述代码,struct支持继承。

Struct支持多态么?

写代码测试一下便知:

复制代码 代码如下:
/*
** FileName : StructAndClassDiffDemo
** Author : Jelly Young
** Date : 2013/12/7
** Description : More information, please go to https://
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct A
{
virtual void print() = 0;
};

struct B : A
{
void print()
{
cout<<"I am from B"<<endl;
}
};

struct C : A
{
void print()
{
cout<<"I am from C"<<endl;
}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
A *a1;
B *b1 = new B;
C *c1 = new C;
a1 = b1;
a1->print(); // call B, not A

a1 = c1;
a1->print(); // call C, not A

return 0;
}

Struct支持Private、Protected和Public关键字么?

复制代码 代码如下:
/*
** FileName : StructAndClassDiffDemo
** Author : Jelly Young
** Date : 2013/12/7
** Description : More information, please go to https://
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct A
{
private:
int b;

protected:
int c;

public:
A()
{
b = 10;
c = 20;
d = 30;
}

int d;
};

struct B : A
{
void printA_C()
{
cout<<A::c<<endl;
};

// private member can not see


void printA_D()
{
cout<<A::d<<endl;
}
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{

A a1;
B b1;

// private member can not see
//cout<<a1.b<<endl;

// protected member can not see
//cout<<a1.c&lt;&lt;endl;

// public member can see
cout<<a1.d<<endl;

return 0;
}

写了这么多了,那么会出现这种一个状况,如果是class的父类是struct关键字描述的,那么默认访问属性是什么?

当出现这种情况时,到底默认是public继承还是private继承,取决于子类而不是基类。class可以继承自struct修饰的类;同时,struct也可以继承自class修饰的类,继承属性如下列描述:

复制代码 代码如下:
class B:A{}; // private 继承

class A{};
struct B:A{}; // public 继承

最后,那么到底是使用struct,还是使用class呢?这个看个人喜好,但是这里有一个编程规范的问题,当你觉得你要做的更像是一种数据结构的话,那么用struct,如果你要做的更像是一种对象的话,那么用class。

声明:本页内容来源网络,仅供用户参考;我单位不保证亦不表示资料全面及准确无误,也不保证亦不表示这些资料为最新信息,如因任何原因,本网内容或者用户因倚赖本网内容造成任何损失或损害,我单位将不会负任何法律责任。如涉及版权问题,请提交至online#300.cn邮箱联系删除。

相关文章