Android AsyncTask实现机制

示例代码：

public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) { return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params); } public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec, Params... params) { if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) { switch (mStatus) { case RUNNING: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task is already running."); case FINISHED: throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:" + " the task has already been executed " + "(a task can be executed only once)"); } } mStatus = Status.RUNNING; onPreExecute(); mWorker.mParams = params; exec.execute(mFuture); return this; }

execute先调用onPreExecute()（可见，onPreExecute是自动调用的）然后调用exec.execute(mFuture)

public interface Executor { void execute(Runnable command); }

这是一个接口，具体实现在

private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor { final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>(); Runnable mActive; public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) { mTasks.offer(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { r.run(); } finally { scheduleNext(); } } }); if (mActive == null) { scheduleNext(); } } protected synchronized void scheduleNext() { if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) { THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive); } } }

从上面可知，AsyncTask执行过程如下：先执行onPreExecute，然后交给SerialExecutor执行。在SerialExecutor中，先把Runnable添加到mTasks中。

如果没有Runnable正在执行，那么就调用SerialExecutor的scheduleNext。同时当一个Runnable执行完以后，继续执行下一个任务

AsyncTask中有两个线程池，THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR和SERIAL_EXECUTOR，以及一个Handler–InternalHandler

/** * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel. */ public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory); /** * An {@link Executor} that executes tasks one at a time in serial * order. This serialization is global to a particular process. */ public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor(); private static InternalHandler sHandler;

SERIAL_EXECUTOR用于任务的排列，THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR真正执行线程，InternalHandler用于线程切换
先看构造函数

public AsyncTask() { mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() { public Result call() throws Exception { mTaskInvoked.set(true); Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND); //noinspection unchecked return postResult(doInBackground(mParams)); } }; mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) { @Override protected void done() { try { postResultIfNotInvoked(get()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e); } catch (ExecutionException e) { throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()", e.getCause()); } catch (CancellationException e) { postResultIfNotInvoked(null); } } }; }

看到了熟悉的doInBackground了吧，然后调用postResult

private Result postResult(Result result) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result)); message.sendToTarget(); return result; }

主线程中创建InternalHandler并发送MESSAGE_POST_RESULT消息，然后调用finish函数

private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { public InternalHandler() { super(Looper.getMainLooper()); } @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj; switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: // There is only one result result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); break; case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); break; } } } private void finish(Result result) { if (isCancelled()) { onCancelled(result); } else { onPostExecute(result); } mStatus = Status.FINISHED; }

finish中调用onPostExecute。

AsyncTask工作流程：new MyThread().execute(1);

先构造函数，然后execute

构造函数只是准备了mWorker和mFuture这两个变量

execute中调用onPreExecute，然后exec.execute(mFuture)，其中响应了call函数，call中调用doInBackground，然后将结果传给Handler然后finish掉，finish函数调用onPostExecute

你可能会奇怪，为什么没有onProgressUpdate，有注解可以解释

/** * Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked. * The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}. * * @param values The values indicating progress. * * @see #publishProgress * @see #doInBackground */ @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"}) protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) { }

也就是说必须调用publishProgress才会自动调用onProgressUpdate。
那如何调用publishProgress呢？

/** * Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The * specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute} * by the caller of this task. * * This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates * on the UI thread. * * @param params The parameters of the task. * * @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task. * * @see #onPreExecute() * @see #onPostExecute * @see #publishProgress */ protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

doInBackground说的很明确，在doInBackground函数里面显示调用publishProgress即可。

publishProgress源码：

protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) { if (!isCancelled()) { getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS, new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget(); } } private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { public InternalHandler() { super(Looper.getMainLooper()); } @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"}) @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj; switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT: // There is only one result result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]); break; case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS: //****************************************在这里调用 result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData); break; } } }

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