用python和numpy处理数据次数比较多,写了几个小函数,可以方便地读写数据:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-#----------------------------------------------------------------------# FileName:gettxtdata.py#功能:读取字符串和文件中的数值数据(浮点数)#主要提供类似matlab中的dlmread和dlmwrite函数#同时提供loadtxtdata和savetxtdata函数#Data: 2013-1-10#Author:吴徐平#----------------------------------------------------------------------import numpy#----------------------------------------------------------------------def StringToDoubleArray(String): """ #将字符串中的所有非Double类型的字符全部替换成空格 #以'#'开头注释直至行尾,都被清空 #返回一维numpy.array数组 """ from StringIO import StringIO import re DataArray=numpy.empty([0],numpy.float64) if len(String.strip())>0: #清空注释行,都是以'#'开头子字符 doublestring=re.sub('#.*$', " ", String, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) #删除非数字字符 doublestring=re.sub('[^0-9.e+-]', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) #去掉不正确的数字格式(代码重复是有必要的) doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) #去掉首尾空格 doublestring=doublestring.strip() if len(doublestring)>0: StrIOds=StringIO(doublestring) DataArray= numpy.genfromtxt(StrIOds) return DataArray#----------------------------------------------------------------------def GetDoubleListFromString(String): """ #使用换行符分割字符串 #将字符串中的所有非Double类型的字符全部替换成空格 #以'#'开头注释直至行尾,都被清空 #将每一行转换成numpy.array数组 #返回numpy.array数组的列表 """ from StringIO import StringIO import re DoubleList=[] StringList=String.split('\n')#使用换行符分割字符串 for Line in StringList: if len(Line.strip())>0: #清空注释行,都是以'#'开头子字符 doublestring=re.sub('#.*$', " ", Line, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) #删除非数字字符 doublestring=re.sub('[^0-9.e+-]', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) #去掉不正确的数字格式(代码重复是有必要的) doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) doublestring=re.sub('[.e+-](?=\s)', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) doublestring=re.sub('[e+-]$', " ", doublestring, count=0, flags=re.IGNORECASE) #去掉首尾空格 doublestring=doublestring.strip() if len(doublestring)>0: StrIOds=StringIO(doublestring) DoubleList.append(numpy.genfromtxt(StrIOds)) return DoubleList #----------------------------------------------------------------------def GetDoubleListFromFile(FileName): """ #将文本文件中的所有Double类型的字符全部替换成numpy.array数组 #每一行都是numpy.array数组 ##返回numpy.array数组的列表 #注意:返回列表的每个元素又都是一个numpy.array数组 #注意:返回列表的每个元素(或文件每行)可以包含不同多个数的数字 """ file=open(FileName, 'r') read_file = file.read() file.close() DoubleList=GetDoubleListFromString(read_file) return DoubleListdef dlmread(FileName,dtype=numpy.float64): """ #Load Data From Txt-File. #分隔符默认是:";",",",空格类 (包括\t)等等 #以#开头的被认为是注释,不会被读取 #Return Value:二维数值数组(numpy.ndarray) #对文本中数据的排列格式要求最低,且容许出现注释字符,智能化程度最高,但速度较慢 """ DoubleList=GetDoubleListFromFile(FileName) dlsize=[]#每一行数组的大小 for dL in DoubleList: dlsize.append(dL.size) MinColumnSize=min(dlsize)#数组的最大列数 MaxColumnSize=max(dlsize)#数组的最小列数 #数组创建和赋值 DoubleArray=numpy.empty([len(DoubleList),MinColumnSize],dtype=dtype) row=range(0,len(DoubleList)) colum=range(0,MinColumnSize) for i in row: for j in colum: DoubleArray[i][j]=DoubleList[i][j] return DoubleArray#----------------------------------------------------------------------def loadtxtdata(filename,delimiter=""): """ #Load Data From Txt-File with delimiter. #分隔符默认是:";",",",空格类 (包括\t)和自定义的delimiter等 #Return Value: 二维数值数组(numpy.ndarray) #对文本中数据的排列格式要求较高,且不容许出现注释字符,智能化程度较低,但速度较快 """ from StringIO import StringIO import re file_handle=open(filename,'r') LinesALL=file_handle.read()#读入字符串 file_handle.close() DelimiterALL=delimiter+",;"#分隔符 SpaceString=" "#空格 for RChar in DelimiterALL: LinesALL=LinesALL.replace(RChar,SpaceString) return numpy.genfromtxt(StringIO(LinesALL)) #---------------------------------------------------------------------- def savetxtdata(filename, X, fmt='%.8e', delimiter=' ', newline='\n'): """ Save Data To Txt-File. """ numpy.savetxt(filename, X, fmt=fmt, delimiter=delimiter, newline=newline) return True #----------------------------------------------------------------------def dlmwrite(filename, X, fmt='%.8e', delimiter=' ', newline='\n'): """ Save Data To Txt-File. """ numpy.savetxt(filename, X, fmt=fmt, delimiter=delimiter, newline=newline) return True #----------------------------------------------------------------------#测试程序 #----------------------------------------------------------------------if __name__ == '__main__': #生成随机数 data=numpy.random.randn(3,4) filename='D:/x.txt' #写入文件 dlmwrite(filename,data) x=GetDoubleListFromFile(filename) print(x) print(dlmread(filename)) y=StringToDoubleArray('79l890joj') print(y) z=loadtxtdata(filename) print(z)

我只在python2.7中试过,如果要在python3.x中使用,可自行测试.