类顾名思义，就是一类事物、或者叫做实例，它用来描述具有共同特征的一类事物。我们在python中声明类的关键词是class，类还有功能和属性，属性就是这类事物的特征，而功能就是它能做什么，也是就是方法或者函数。我们仍然用例子来说明问题。

目标：

　　1.类的定义

　　2.父类，子类定义，以及子类调用父类

　　3.类的组合使用

　　4.内置功能

1.类的定义

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Hotel(object): """docstring for Hotel""" def __init__(self, room, cf=1.0, br=15): self.room = room self.cf = cf self.br = br def cacl_all(self, days=1): return (self.room * self.cf + self.br) * daysif __name__ == '__main__': stdroom = Hotel(200) big_room = Hotel(230, 0.9) print stdroom.cacl_all() print stdroom.cacl_all(2) print big_room.cacl_all() print big_room.cacl_all(3)

2.父类、子类以及调用父类

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 父类class AddBook(object): def __init__(self, name, phone): self.name = name self.phone = phone def get_phone(self): return self.phone# 子类，继承class EmplEmail(AddBook): def __init__(self, nm, ph, email): # AddBook.__init__(self, nm, ph) # 调用父类方法一 super(EmplEmail, self).__init__(nm, ph) # 调用父类方法二 self.email = email def get_email(self): return self.email# 调用if __name__ == "__main__": Detian = AddBook('handetian', '18210413001') Meng = AddBook('shaomeng', '18210413002') print Detian.get_phone() print AddBook.get_phone(Meng) alice = EmplEmail('alice', '18210418888', 'alice@xkops.com') print alice.get_email(), alice.get_phone()

3.类的组合使用

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-'''1.class类的组合使用2.手机、邮箱、QQ等是可以变化的（定义在一起），姓名不可变（单独定义）。3.在另一个类中引用'''class Info(object): def __init__(self, phone, email, qq): self.phone = phone self.email = email self.qq = qq def get_phone(self): return self.phone def update_phone(self, newphone): self.phone = newphone print "手机号更改已更改" def get_email(self): return self.emailclass AddrBook(object): '''docstring for AddBook''' def __init__(self, name, phone, email, qq): self.name = name self.info = Info(phone, email, qq)if __name__ == "__main__": Detian = AddrBook('handetian', '18210413001', 'detian@xkops.com', '123456') print Detian.info.get_phone() Detian.info.update_phone(18210413002) print Detian.info.get_phone() print Detian.info.get_email()

4.内置功能(函数（）加与不加的区别）

代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Books(object): def __init__(self, title, author): self.title = title self.author = author def __str__(self): return self.title def __repr__(self): return self.title def __call__(self): print "%s is written by %s" %(self.title, self.author)if __name__ == '__main__': pybook = Books('Core Python', 'Wesley') print pybook pybook()#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Number(object): """Custum object add/radd -> +; sub/rsub -> -; mul/rmul -> *; div/rdiv -> /; """ def __init__(self, number): self.number = number def __add__(self, other): return self.number + other def __radd__(self, other): return self.number + other def __sub__(self, other): return self.number - other def __rsub__(self, other): return other - self.number def __gt__(self, other): if self.number > other: return True return Falseif __name__ == '__main__': num = Number(10) print num + 20 print 30 + num print num - 5 print 11 - num print num > 20

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