初入Python，一开始就被她简介的语法所吸引，代码简洁优雅，之前在C#里面打开文件写入文件等操作相比Python复杂多了，而Python打开、修改和保存文件显得简单得多。

1、打开文件的例子：

file=open('D:\\Python\\untitled\\Hello.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') data=file.read() print(data) file.close()

2、利用urllib库请求页面进行简单的翻译，请求百度翻译，将要翻译的内容当做参数传给百度，然后将结果赋值给参数，最后打印出来：

上代码：

import urllib.requestimport urllib.parseimport jsoncontent=input("=====请输入您要翻译的内容：=====\n")url='http://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi'data={}data['from']='zh'data['to']='en'data['transtype']='translang'data['simple_means_flag']='3'data['query']=contentdata=urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')response=urllib.request.urlopen(url,data)html=response.read().decode('utf-8')target=json.loads(html)print("翻译结果为：%s"%(target['trans_result']['data'][0]['dst']))

实现效果如图：

实现代码很简单，下面再分享下urllib库的一些用法。

urlopen 语法

urllib.request.urlopen(url,data=None,[timeout,]*,cafile=None,capath=None,cadefault=False,context=None)#url:访问的网址#data:额外的数据，如header，form data

用法

# request:GETimport urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('http://')print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))# request: POST# http测试：http://httpbin.org/import urllib.parseimport urllib.requestdata = bytes(urllib.parse.urlencode({'word':'hello'}),encoding='utf8')response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/post',data=data)print(response.read())# 超时设置import urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=1)print(response.read())import socketimport urllib.requestimport urllib.errortry: response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://httpbin.org/get',timeout=0.1)except urllib.error.URLError as e: if isinstance(e.reason,socket.timeout): print('TIME OUT')

响应

# 响应类型import urllib.openresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('https:///www.python.org')print(type(response))# 状态码， 响应头import urllib.requestresponse = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.python.org')print(response.status)print(response.getheaders())print(response.getheader('Server'))

Request

声明一个request对象，该对象可以包括header等信息，然后用urlopen打开。

# 简单例子import urllib.requestrequest = urllib.request.Requests('https://python.org')response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))# 增加headerfrom urllib import request, parseurl = 'http://httpbin.org/post'headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36' 'Host':'httpbin.org'}# 构造POST表格dict = { 'name':'Germey'}data = bytes(parse.urlencode(dict),encoding='utf8')req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers,method='POST')response = request.urlopen(req)print(response.read()).decode('utf-8')# 或者随后增加headerfrom urllib import request, parseurl = 'http://httpbin.org/post'dict = { 'name':'Germey'}req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,method='POST')req.add_hader('User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36')response = request.urlopen(req)print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

总结

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