本文实例讲述了Python实现备份文件的方法，是一个非常实用的技巧。分享给大家供大家参考。具体方法如下：

该实例主要实现读取一个任务文件, 根据指定的任务参数自动备份.

任务文件的格式: (注意,分号后面注释是不支持的)

[task] ; 一项任务开始dir=h:/Project ; 指定备份的目录recusive=1 ; 是否递归子目录suffix=h|cpp|hpp|c|user|filters|vcxproj|sln|css|gif|html|bmp|png|lib|dsw|dsp|htm|html|ico|ini|jpg|rc|vssscc ; 指定备份的扩展名exclude=0 ; 指定是备份上面的参数指定的扩展名还是排除指定的扩展名zip=Project.zip ; 备份后的文件路径名

python代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sysimport osimport zipfileclass Task: #dir str directory #bsub BOOL include subdirectory #sfx str postsuffix ,sepeated by '|' #ecld BOOL include or execlude the postsuffix sfx def __init__(self,dir,bsub,sfx,ecld,zip): self.dir = dir self.bsub = bsub self.suffix = sfx.split("|") self.exclude = ecld self.zip = zip @staticmethod def isfilter(sfx,sfxs,bexcld): bFound = False for e in sfxs: if e == sfx: bFound = True break if bexcld: return not bFound; else: return bFound; class QBackup: '''备份指定目录下具备指定扩展名的文件''' def __init__(self): self._list = [] def __del__(self): pass #tfile 任务文件 def ReadTask(self,tfile): dir = "" bsub = False sfx = "" becld = False zip = "" try: f = open(tfile,'r') while True: line = f.readline() if len(line) == 0: break; line = line.strip(" ") if "[Task]/n".lower() == line.lower(): # 读取接下来的4行 iline = 1 while iline <= 5: line = f.readline() line = line.strip(" /t/n") # 去除前后的空白符 idx = line.find("=") if -1 == idx: break; atti = line[0:idx] value = line[idx+1:] print(value) if "dir" == atti: dir = value elif "recusive" == atti: bsub = bool(int(value)) elif "suffix" == atti: sufix = value elif "exclude" == atti: becld = bool(int(value)) elif "zip" == atti: zip = value else: break iline += 1 else: t = Task(dir,bsub,sufix,becld,zip) self._list.append(t) except: return False return True def DoBackup(self): for e in self._list: try: zip = zipfile.ZipFile(e.zip,'w',zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) self.ZipDir(zip,e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude) zip.close() except: print("exception raised!") return False return True def ZipDir(self,zip,dir,bsub,sfxs,ecld): subdir = "" path = "" if os.path.isdir(dir): paths = os.listdir(dir) #备份本目录 print("ZipDir: ",dir) for e in paths: path = dir + "/" + e ext = os.path.splitext(e)[1][1:] if os.path.isfile(path) and Task.isfilter(ext,sfxs,ecld): print ("ZipFile: ",path) zip.write(path) #清理子目录 if bsub: for e in paths: subdir = dir + "/" + e self.ZipDir(zip,subdir,bsub,sfxs,ecld) def PrintTask(self): for e in self._list: print (e.dir,e.bsub,e.suffix,e.exclude,e.zip) if '__main__' == __name__: c = QBackup() c.ReadTask("bkup.txt") c.DoBackup()

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计的学习有所帮助。