XML文件是可拓展标记语言，是一种简单的数据存储语言，被设计用来传输和存储数据

在Python中XML的一些方法

读取文件和内容

#引用xml模块from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# ET去打开xml文件tree = ET.parse("files/xo.xml")# 获取根标签root = tree.getroot()print(root) # <Element 'data' at 0x7f94e02763b0>from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = """<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country></data>"""root = ET.XML(content) # 获取根标签 print(root) # <Element 'data' at 0x7fdaa019cea0>

读取节点数据

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = """<data> <country name="Liechtenstein" id="999" > <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country></data>"""# 获取根标签 dataroot = ET.XML(content)country_object = root.find("country") # 获取XML文件中的country标签print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 获取country标签名 获取country标签地属性gdppc_object = country_object.find("gdppc")# 获取gdppc标签print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 获取gdppc标签的名称 获取gdppc属性(没有属性为:{}) 获取gdppc标签里面的内容from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = """<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country></data>"""# 获取根标签 dataroot = ET.XML(content)# 获取data标签的孩子标签for child in root: # child.tag = conntry 获取到两个country标签 # child.attrib = {"name":"Liechtenstein"} print(child.tag, child.attrib) for node in child: print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 获取到reank标签from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = """<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country></data>"""root = ET.XML(content)# 找到子子孙孙的year标签for child in root.iter('year'): print(child.tag, child.text)from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = """<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country></data>"""root = ET.XML(content)v1 = root.findall('country') # 找到所有的country标签print(v1)v2 = root.find('country').find('rank') # 找到country标签中的rank标签print(v2.text)

删除和修改节点

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = """<data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /> <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /> <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /> </country></data>"""root = ET.XML(content)# 修改节点内容和属性rank = root.find('country').find('rank')print(rank.text)rank.text = "999" # 修改rank标签里面的内容rank.set('update', '2020-11-11') # 为rank标签新增一个update属性print(rank.text, rank.attrib)############ 保存文件 ############tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write("new.xml", encoding='utf-8')# 删除节点root.remove( root.find('country') )print(root.findall('country'))############ 保存文件 ############tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')

构建文档

<home> <son name="儿1"> <grandson name="儿11"></grandson> <grandson name="儿12"></grandson> </son> <son name="儿2"></son></home>from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 创建根标签root = ET.Element("home")# 创建节点大儿子son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '儿1'})# 创建小儿子son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '儿2'})# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿11'})grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿12'})son1.append(grandson1)son1.append(grandson2)# 把儿子添加到根节点中root.append(son1)root.append(son2)tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write('oooo.xml', encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短标签的形式创建<famliy> <son name="儿1"> <grandson name="儿11"></grandson> <grandson name="儿12"></grandson> </son> <son name="儿2"></son></famliy>from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 创建根节点root = ET.Element("famliy")# 创建大儿子son1 = root.makeelement('son', {'name': '儿1'})# 创建小儿子son2 = root.makeelement('son', {"name": '儿2'})# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子grandson1 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿11'})grandson2 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿12'})son1.append(grandson1)son1.append(grandson2)# 把儿子添加到根节点中root.append(son1)root.append(son2)tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write('oooo.xml',encoding='utf-8')<famliy> <son name="儿1"> <age name="儿11">孙子</age> </son> <son name="儿2"></son></famliy>from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 创建根节点root = ET.Element("famliy")# 创建节点大儿子son1 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={'name': '儿1'})# 创建小儿子son2 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={"name": "儿2"})# 在大儿子中创建一个孙子grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, "age", attrib={'name': '儿11'})grandson1.text = '孙子'et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文档对象et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")<user><![CDATA[你好呀]]</user>from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 创建根节点root = ET.Element("user")root.text = "<![CDATA[你好呀]]"et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文档对象et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8")

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