NFS 是Network File System的缩写，即网络文件系统，一种使用于分散式文件系统的协定

NFS通过网络让不同的机器、不同的操作系统能够彼此分享个别的数据，例如将/home设置为共享目录，然后共享给网络中的其它服务器，这样每台机器就不必单独建立自己的/home路径了，NFS独立于操作系统，容许不同硬件及操作系统的系统共同进行文件的分享，是在类Unix系统间实现磁盘文件共享的一种方法

NFS本身没有提供信息传输的协议和功能，而是使用RPC服务完成这部分功能。可以说NFS本身就是使用RPC服务的一个程序，或者说NFS也是一个RPC SERVER。所以只要用到NFS的地方都要启动RPC服务，不论是NFS server还是NFS client，可以这么理解RPC和NFS之间的关系：NFS是一个文件系统，而RPC负责信息的传输

一，系统环境

Linux Distribution：Ubuntu 14

二，安装Linux NFS

sean@sean:~$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server[sudo] password for sean: Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree Reading state information... DoneThe following extra packages will be installed: keyutils libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common rpcbindSuggested packages: open-iscsi watchdogThe following NEW packages will be installed: keyutils libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 libtirpc1 nfs-common nfs-kernel-server rpcbind0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 159 not upgraded.Need to get 460 kB of archives.After this operation, 2,049 kB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] YGet:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libgssglue1 amd64 0.4-2ubuntu1 [19.7 kB]Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libnfsidmap2 amd64 0.25-5 [32.2 kB]Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libtirpc1 amd64 0.2.2-5ubuntu2 [71.3 kB]Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main keyutils amd64 1.5.6-1 [33.6 kB]Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main rpcbind amd64 0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2 [37.1 kB]Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main nfs-common amd64 1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2 [181 kB]Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main nfs-kernel-server amd64 1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2 [85.8 kB]Fetched 460 kB in 16s (27.2 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libgssglue1:amd64.(Reading database ... 168701 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to unpack .../libgssglue1_0.4-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libgssglue1:amd64 (0.4-2ubuntu1) ...Selecting previously unselected package libnfsidmap2:amd64.Preparing to unpack .../libnfsidmap2_0.25-5_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libnfsidmap2:amd64 (0.25-5) ...Selecting previously unselected package libtirpc1:amd64.Preparing to unpack .../libtirpc1_0.2.2-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking libtirpc1:amd64 (0.2.2-5ubuntu2) ...Selecting previously unselected package keyutils.Preparing to unpack .../keyutils_1.5.6-1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking keyutils (1.5.6-1) ...Selecting previously unselected package rpcbind.Preparing to unpack .../rpcbind_0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking rpcbind (0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2) ...Selecting previously unselected package nfs-common.Preparing to unpack .../nfs-common_1%3a1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking nfs-common (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Selecting previously unselected package nfs-kernel-server.Preparing to unpack .../nfs-kernel-server_1%3a1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ...Unpacking nfs-kernel-server (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...ureadahead will be reprofiled on next rebootSetting up libgssglue1:amd64 (0.4-2ubuntu1) ...Setting up libnfsidmap2:amd64 (0.25-5) ...Setting up libtirpc1:amd64 (0.2.2-5ubuntu2) ...Setting up keyutils (1.5.6-1) ...Setting up rpcbind (0.2.1-2ubuntu2.2) ... Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/rpcbind ...rpcbind start/running, process 12074Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...Setting up nfs-common (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Creating config file /etc/idmapd.conf with new versionCreating config file /etc/default/nfs-common with new versionAdding system user `statd' (UID 118) ...Adding new user `statd' (UID 118) with group `nogroup' ...Not creating home directory `/var/lib/nfs'.statd start/running, process 12307gssd stop/pre-start, process 12341idmapd start/running, process 12399Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...Setting up nfs-kernel-server (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.2) ...Creating config file /etc/exports with new versionCreating config file /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server with new version * Not starting NFS kernel daemon: no exports.Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.7) ...Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...

通过安装日志可以发现总共会安装keyutils，libgssglue1，libnfsidmap2，libtirpc1，nfs-common，nfs-kernel-server，rpcbind这7个包

很多文档中安装的包为portmap，但是这个包已经被rpcbind替代

sean@sean:~$ sudo apt-get install portmap
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'rpcbind' instead of 'portmap'
rpcbind is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 164 not upgraded.
rpcbind包安装完成后会自动启动rpcbind服务

sean@sean:~$ ps -ef|grep rpcbind
root 807 1 0 22:27 ? 00:00:00 rpcbind
sean 10215 9528 0 22:48 pts/6 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rpcbind
但是由于目前NFS的配置文件为空，NFS服务并没有启动

三，配置NFS服务

从安装日志中我们可以发现NFS服务的配置文件为/etc/exports，并且这个文件在安装过程中已经生成好了，我们所要做的就是将NFS配置信息添加到这个文件中

sean@sean:~$ sudo vi /etc/exports# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported# to NFS clients. See exports(5).## Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3:# /srv/homes hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)## Example for NFSv4:# /srv/nfs4 gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)# /srv/nfs4/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)/home/sean/shareDir 192.168.137.129(rw,no_root_squash,async)

其中中的最后一行为新添加的NFS配置，NFS配置信息格式如下：

<共享目录> [客户端1 选项（访问权限,用户映射,其他）] [客户端2 选项（访问权限,用户映射,其他）]

1，共享目录：

共享目录是指NFS系统中需要共享给客户机使用的目录

2，客户端：

客户端是指网络中可以访问NFS共享目录的计算机

客户端常用的指定方式：

(1)指定ip地址的主机：192.168.0.1
(2)指定子网中的所有主机：192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
(3)指定域名的主机：mon*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2月 22 06:33 S99ondemand -> ../init.d/ondemand*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2月 22 06:33 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local*
nfs-kernel-server是自动启动，就不需要再进行修改了，而rpcbind就比较麻烦了，找了半天才找到vi /etc/init/rpcbind-boot.conf

# portmap-boot

description "Upstart job to start rpcbind on boot only"
author "Clint Byrum"

emits start-rpcbind

start on virtual-filesystems and net-device-up IFACE=lo

task

exec initctl emit --no-wait start-rpcbind ON_BOOT=y
可以见到这个服务设为开机启动了

七，开机自动挂载共享盘

这时候我们需要修改的文件是/etc/fstab，命令格式如下：

<NFS服务端>:<共享目录> <本地目录> <文件系统类型> <选项> <dump> <pass>每个字段的具体含义这里就不详细解释了，vi /etc/fstab，在文件中添加下面这行配置

192.168.137.128:/home/sean/shareDir /home/sean/shared nfs defaults 0 0系统每次启动时即会自动挂载共享盘

以上这篇Ubuntu配置NFS的具体流程(推荐)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。