flask中的wtforms使用方法

时间：2021-05-22

一、简单介绍flask中的wtforms

WTForms是一个支持多个web框架的form组件，主要用于对用户请求数据进行验证。

安装：

pip3 install wtforms

二、简单使用wtforms组件

1、用户登录

具体代码：

from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirectfrom wtforms.fields import corefrom wtforms.fields import html5from wtforms.fields import simplefrom wtforms import Formfrom wtforms import validatorsfrom wtforms import widgetsapp = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates")class Myvalidators(object): '''自定义验证规则''' def __init__(self,message): self.message = message def __call__(self, form, field): print(field.data,"用户输入的信息") if field.data == "haiyan": return None raise validators.ValidationError(self.message)class LoginForm(Form): '''Form''' name = simple.StringField( label="用户名", widget=widgets.TextInput(), validators=[ Myvalidators(message="用户名必须是haiyan"),#也可以自定义正则 validators.DataRequired(message="用户名不能为空"), validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="用户名长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d") ], render_kw={"class":"form-control"} #设置属性 ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label="密码", validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空"), validators.Length(max=8,min=3,message="密码长度必须大于%(max)d且小于%(min)d"), validators.Regexp(regex="\d+",message="密码必须是数字"), ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={"class":"form-control"} )@app.route('/login',methods=["GET","POST"])def login(): if request.method =="GET": form = LoginForm() return render_template("login.html",form=form) else: form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print("用户提交的数据用过格式验证，值为：%s"%form.data) return "登录成功" else: print(form.errors,"错误信息") return render_template("login.html",form=form)if __name__ == '__main__': # app.__call__() app.run(debug=True)

login.html

<body><form action="" method="post" novalidate> <p>{{ form.name.label }} {{ form.name }} {{ form.name.errors.0 }}</p> <p>{{ form.pwd.label }} {{ form.pwd }} {{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> <!--用户名：<input type="text">--> <!--密码：<input type="password">--> <!--<input type="submit" value="提交">--></form></body>

2、用户注册

from flask import Flask,render_template,redirect,requestfrom wtforms import Formfrom wtforms.fields import corefrom wtforms.fields import html5from wtforms.fields import simplefrom wtforms import validatorsfrom wtforms import widgetsapp = Flask(__name__,template_folder="templates")app.debug = True=======================simple===========================class RegisterForm(Form): name = simple.StringField( label="用户名", validators=[ validators.DataRequired() ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), render_kw={"class":"form-control"}, default="haiyan" ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label="密码", validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message="密码不能为空") ] ) pwd_confim = simple.PasswordField( label="重复密码", validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'), validators.EqualTo('pwd',message="两次密码不一致") ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} )　　========================html5============================ email = html5.EmailField( #注意这里用的是html5.EmailField label='邮箱', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'), validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} )　　===================以下是用core来调用的======================= gender = core.RadioField( label="性别", choices=( (1,"男"), (1,"女"), ), coerce=int #限制是int类型的 ) city = core.SelectField( label="城市", choices=( ("bj","北京"), ("sh","上海"), ) ) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField( label='爱好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), coerce=int ) favor = core.SelectMultipleField( label="喜好", choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), widget = widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False), option_widget = widgets.CheckboxInput(), coerce = int, default = [1, 2] ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): #这里的self是一个RegisterForm对象 '''重写__init__方法''' super(RegisterForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) #继承父类的init方法 self.favor.choices =((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球')) #吧RegisterForm这个类里面的favor重新赋值 def validate_pwd_confim(self,field,): ''' 自定义pwd_config字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致 :param field: :return: ''' # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值 if field.data != self.data['pwd']: # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证 raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证@app.route('/register',methods=["GET","POST"])def register(): if request.method=="GET": form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 1}) #默认是1, return render_template("register.html",form=form) else: form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): #判断是否验证成功 print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data) #所有的正确信息 else: print(form.errors) #所有的错误信息 return render_template('register.html', form=form)if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()

register.html

<body><h1>用户注册</h1><form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px"> {% for item in form %} <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="提交"></form></body>

3、meta

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, sessionfrom wtforms import Formfrom wtforms.csrf.core import CSRFfrom wtforms.fields import corefrom wtforms.fields import html5from wtforms.fields import simplefrom wtforms import validatorsfrom wtforms import widgetsfrom hashlib import md5app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')app.debug = Trueclass MyCSRF(CSRF): """ Generate a CSRF token based on the user's IP. I am probably not very secure, so don't use me. """ def setup_form(self, form): self.csrf_context = form.meta.csrf_context() self.csrf_secret = form.meta.csrf_secret return super(MyCSRF, self).setup_form(form) def generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_token): gid = self.csrf_secret + self.csrf_context token = md5(gid.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest() return token def validate_csrf_token(self, form, field): print(field.data, field.current_token) if field.data != field.current_token: raise ValueError('Invalid CSRF')class TestForm(Form): name = html5.EmailField(label='用户名') pwd = simple.StringField(label='密码') class Meta: # -- CSRF # 是否自动生成CSRF标签 csrf = True # 生成CSRF标签name csrf_field_name = 'csrf_token' # 自动生成标签的值，加密用的csrf_secret csrf_secret = 'xxxxxx' # 自动生成标签的值，加密用的csrf_context csrf_context = lambda x: request.url # 生成和比较csrf标签 csrf_class = MyCSRF # -- i18n # 是否支持本地化 # locales = False locales = ('zh', 'en') # 是否对本地化进行缓存 cache_translations = True # 保存本地化缓存信息的字段 translations_cache = {}@app.route('/index/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def index(): if request.method == 'GET': form = TestForm() else: form = TestForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print(form) return render_template('index.html', form=form)if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()

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