Scrapy-Redis结合POST请求获取数据的方法示例

时间:2021-05-22

前言

通常我们在一个站站点进行采集的时候,如果是小站的话 我们使用scrapy本身就可以满足。

但是如果在面对一些比较大型的站点的时候,单个scrapy就显得力不从心了。

要是我们能够多个Scrapy一起采集该多好啊 人多力量大。

很遗憾Scrapy官方并不支持多个同时采集一个站点,虽然官方给出一个方法:

**将一个站点的分割成几部分 交给不同的scrapy去采集**

似乎是个解决办法,但是很麻烦诶!毕竟分割很麻烦的哇

下面就改轮到我们的额主角Scrapy-Redis登场了!

能看到这篇文章的小伙伴肯定已经知道什么是Scrapy以及Scrapy-Redis了,基础概念这里就不再介绍。默认情况下Scrapy-Redis是发送GET请求获取数据的,对于某些使用POST请求的情况需要重写make_request_from_data函数即可,但奇怪的是居然没在网上搜到简洁明了的答案,或许是太简单了?。

这里我以httpbin.org这个网站为例,首先在settings.py中添加所需配置,这里需要根据实际情况进行修改:

SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler" #启用Redis调度存储请求队列SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True #不清除Redis队列、这样可以暂停/恢复 爬取DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter" #确保所有的爬虫通过Redis去重SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.SpiderPriorityQueue'REDIS_URL = "redis://127.0.0.1:6379"

爬虫代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisSpiderclass HpbSpider(RedisSpider): name = 'hpb' redis_key = 'test_post_data' def make_request_from_data(self, data): """Returns a Request instance from data coming from Redis. By default, ``data`` is an encoded URL. You can override this method to provide your own message decoding. Parameters ---------- data : bytes Message from redis. """ return scrapy.FormRequest("https://www.httpbin.org/post", formdata={"data":data},callback=self.parse) def parse(self, response): print(response.body)

这里为了简单直接进行输出,真实使用时可以结合pipeline写数据库等。

然后启动爬虫程序scrapy crawl hpb,由于我们还没向test_post_data中写数据,所以启动后程序进入等待状态。然后模拟向队列写数据:

import redisrd = redis.Redis('127.0.0.1',port=6379,db=0)for _ in range(1000): rd.lpush('test_post_data',_)

此时可以看到爬虫已经开始获取程序了:

2019-05-06 16:30:21 [hpb] DEBUG: Read 8 requests from 'test_post_data'
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
2019-05-06 16:30:21 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <POST https://www.httpbin.org/post> (referer: None)
b'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "data": "0"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,**;q=0.8", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", \n "Accept-Language": "en", \n "Content-Length": "6", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "www.httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "Scrapy/1.5.1 (+https://scrapy.org)"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "1.2.3.48, 1.2.3.48", \n "url": "https://www.httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
b'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "data": "3"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,**;q=0.8", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", \n "Accept-Language": "en", \n "Content-Length": "6", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "www.httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "Scrapy/1.5.1 (+https://scrapy.org)"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "1.2.3.48, 1.2.3.48", \n "url": "https://www.httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
b'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "data": "4"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,**;q=0.8", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", \n "Accept-Language": "en", \n "Content-Length": "6", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "www.httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "Scrapy/1.5.1 (+https://scrapy.org)"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "1.2.3.48, 1.2.3.48", \n "url": "https://www.httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
b'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "data": "6"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,**;q=0.8", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", \n "Accept-Language": "en", \n "Content-Length": "6", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "www.httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "Scrapy/1.5.1 (+https://scrapy.org)"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "1.2.3.48, 1.2.3.48", \n "url": "https://www.httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
2019-05-06 16:31:09 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 1001 pages (at 280 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2019-05-06 16:32:09 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 1001 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2019-05-06 16:33:09 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 1001 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)

至于数据重复的问题,如果POST的数据重复,这个请求就不会发送出去。如果有特殊情况POST发送同样的数据回得到不同返回值,添加dont_filter=True是没用的,在RFPDupeFilter类中并没考虑这个参数,需要重写。

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对的支持。

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