.tkinter

tkinter是Python下面向tk的图形界面接口库，可以方便地进行图形界面设计和交互操作编程。tkinter的优点是简单易用、与Python的结合度好。tkinter在Python 3.x下默认集成，不需要额外的安装操作；不足之处为缺少合适的可视化界面设计工具，需要通过代码来完成窗口设计和元素布局。

Python tkinter实现图片标注代码，代码如下所述：

#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import osimport sysif sys.version_info < (3, 0): import Tkinter as tk # 导入 Tkinter 库 from tkFileDialog import askopenfilename, asksaveasfilenameelse : import tkinter as tk # 导入 Tkinter 库 from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename, asksaveasfilenamefrom PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageDrawfrom time import sleepimport numpy as npimport cv2 as cvDEF_WIDTH = 1080DEF_HEIGHT = 720IMAGE_HEIGHT = 720FRAME_LEFT_WIDTH = 360# 太小的选定区域我们需要丢弃，防止误操作MINI_RECT_AREA = 20 class RawImageEditor: def __init__(self, win, img, rects): #变量X和Y用来记录鼠标左键按下的位置 self.X = tk.IntVar(value=0) self.Y = tk.IntVar(value=0) self.sel = False self.lastDraw = None self.lastDraws = [] self.imageScale = 1.0 self.dispWidth = DEF_WIDTH # 图片显示区域的最大高度，宽度 self.dispHeight = DEF_HEIGHT self.rawImage = img self.calcImageScale(self.rawImage) self.dispWidth = int(self.imageScale * self.rawImage.width) self.dispHeight = int(self.imageScale * self.rawImage.height) # 图片缩放 self.dispImage = self.rawImage.resize((self.dispWidth, self.dispHeight)) # 选择区域 self.selPositions = [] for r in rects : self.selPositions.append((r[0] * self.imageScale, r[1] * self.imageScale, r[2] * self.imageScale, r[3] * self.imageScale)) #创建顶级组件容器 self.top = tk.Toplevel(win, width=self.dispWidth, height=self.dispHeight) #不显示最大化、最小化按钮 self.top.overrideredirect(True) # Make topLevelWindow remain on top until destroyed, or attribute changes. self.top.attributes('-topmost', 'true') self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.top, bg='white', width=self.dispWidth, height=self.dispHeight) self.tkImage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.dispImage) self.canvas.create_image(self.dispWidth//2, self.dispHeight//2, image=self.tkImage) for r in self.selPositions : draw = self.canvas.create_rectangle(r[0], r[1], r[2], r[3], outline='green') self.lastDraws.append(draw) #鼠标左键按下的位置 def onLeftButtonDown(event): self.X.set(event.x) self.Y.set(event.y) #开始截图 self.sel = True #重新绘制已经选择的区域 for draw in self.lastDraws : self.canvas.delete(draw) self.lastDraws = [] for r in self.selPositions : draw = self.canvas.create_rectangle(r[0], r[1], r[2], r[3], outline='green') self.lastDraws.append(draw) self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', onLeftButtonDown) #鼠标左键移动，显示选取的区域 def onLeftButtonMove(event): if not self.sel: return try: #删除刚画完的图形，要不然鼠标移动的时候是黑乎乎的一片矩形 self.canvas.delete(self.lastDraw) except Exception as e: pass self.lastDraw = self.canvas.create_rectangle(self.X.get(), self.Y.get(), event.x, event.y, outline='green') self.canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', onLeftButtonMove) #获取鼠标左键抬起的位置，保存区域截图 def onLeftButtonUp(event): self.sel = False sleep(0.1) #考虑鼠标左键从右下方按下而从左上方抬起的截图 left, right = sorted([self.X.get(), event.x]) top, bottom = sorted([self.Y.get(), event.y]) if (right - left) * (bottom - top) > MINI_RECT_AREA : self.selPositions.append((left,top,right,bottom)) #self.top.destroy() #鼠标右键按下 def onRightButtonDown(event): self.sel = False self.top.destroy() self.canvas.bind('<Button-2>', onRightButtonDown) self.canvas.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', onLeftButtonUp) self.canvas.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES) def calcImageScale(self, image) : w = image.width h = image.height self.imageScale = 1.0 # 计算最小的缩放比例，保证原始宽高比 if w > self.dispWidth and h > self.dispHeight : ws = self.dispWidth * 1.0 / w hs = self.dispHeight * 1.0 / h if ws < hs : self.imageScale = ws else : self.imageScale = hs elif w > self.dispWidth and h < self.dispHeight : self.imageScale = self.dispWidth * 1.0 / w elif w < self.dispWidth and h > self.dispHeight : self.imageScale = self.dispHeight * 1.0 / h def waitForWindow(self, win) : win.wait_window(self.top) def selectedPositions(self) : # 转换为原始像素位置 realPos = [] for r in self.selPositions : realPos.append((r[0] / self.imageScale, r[1] / self.imageScale, r[2] / self.imageScale, r[3] / self.imageScale)) return realPos class MainWin(tk.Tk): def __init__(self): if sys.version_info >= (3, 0): super().__init__() else : tk.Tk.__init__(self) self.title('图像处理工具') self.geometry('{}x{}'.format(DEF_WIDTH, DEF_HEIGHT)) self.rawImagePath = '' self.rawImage = None # self.rawImage 原始图像，未经过缩放处理 self.transRawImage = None # self.transRawImage 经过转换处理之后的原始图像，没有经过缩放处理 self.dispImage = None # self.dispImage 显示图像，可能经过缩放处理 self.imageScale = 1.0 # 图片缩放比例，根据缩放比例进行显示的时候的缩放处理，后期选择区域的时候，需要进行缩放还原 self.leftFrameWidth = FRAME_LEFT_WIDTH self.frameDispHeight = DEF_HEIGHT # 整个窗口的高度 self.labelTextHeight = 20 # 文本标签的高度 self.btnHeight = 40 # 按钮的高度 self.imageDispWidth = IMAGE_HEIGHT # 图片显示区域的最大高度，宽度 self.imageDispHeight = self.frameDispHeight / 2 - self.labelTextHeight * 2 # 选择区域 self.liRect = [] self.rawImageEditor = None self.setupUI() def scaleDisplayImage(self, image) : w = image.width h = image.height self.imageScale = 1.0 # 计算最小的缩放比例，保证原始宽高比 if w > self.imageDispWidth and h > self.imageDispHeight : ws = self.imageDispWidth * 1.0 / w hs = self.imageDispHeight * 1.0 / h if ws < hs : self.imageScale = ws else : self.imageScale = hs elif w > self.imageDispWidth and h < self.imageDispHeight : self.imageScale = self.imageDispWidth * 1.0 / w elif w < self.imageDispWidth and h > self.imageDispHeight : self.imageScale = self.imageDispHeight * 1.0 / h # 图片缩放 return image.resize((int(self.imageScale * w), int(self.imageScale * h))) # 打开图片时使用，传值（图）给展示函数 def openAndDisplayImage(self): self.rawImagePath = self.selectImageFile() if '' != self.rawImagePath : self.rawImage = Image.open(self.rawImagePath) self.rawImage = self.rawImage.convert('RGBA') self.drawRawImageDisp() def drawListBox(self): self.l_box.delete(0,tk.END) for item in self.liRect: r = '{},{},{},{}'.format(round(item[0],1), round(item[1],1), round(item[2],1), round(item[3],1)) self.l_box.insert(0, r) def drawRawImageDisp(self, selItems=[]): self.dispImage = self.scaleDisplayImage(self.rawImage) self.dispImage = self.dispImage.convert('RGB') draw = ImageDraw.Draw(self.dispImage) for i in range(len(self.liRect)) : r = self.liRect[i] if i in selItems : draw.rectangle((r[0] * self.imageScale, r[1] * self.imageScale, r[2] * self.imageScale, r[3] * self.imageScale), outline = "red") else : draw.rectangle((r[0] * self.imageScale, r[1] * self.imageScale, r[2] * self.imageScale, r[3] * self.imageScale), outline = "green") img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.dispImage) self.image_l_raw.config(image=img) self.image_l_raw.image = img def deleteSelectedItemFromListBox(self): #print(self.l_box.get(self.l_box.curselection())) idx = self.l_box.curselection() if len(idx) > 0 : kp = [] for v in range(len(self.liRect)) : if v not in idx : kp.append(self.liRect[v]) self.liRect = kp self.drawListBox() self.drawRawImageDisp() # 打开图片时使用，获得地址 def selectImageFile(self): path = tk.StringVar() file_entry = tk.Entry(self, state='readonly', text=path) path_ = askopenfilename() path.set(path_) return file_entry.get() def rawImageLabelClicked(self, event): if None != self.rawImage : if None == self.rawImageEditor : self.rawImageEditor = RawImageEditor(self, self.rawImage, self.liRect) self.rawImageEditor.waitForWindow(self.image_l_raw) self.liRect = self.rawImageEditor.selectedPositions() self.rawImageEditor = None self.drawListBox() self.drawRawImageDisp() def onRectListboxSelect(self, event): idx = self.l_box.curselection() if len(idx) > 0 : self.drawRawImageDisp(idx) def drawTransImageDisp(self): transImage = self.scaleDisplayImage(self.transRawImage) transImage = transImage.convert('L') img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(transImage) self.image_l_trans.config(image=img) self.image_l_trans.image = img def doTransRawImage(self): self.transRawImage = Image.new('L', (self.rawImage.width, self.rawImage.height)) for r in self.liRect : im = self.rawImage.crop(r) cv_im = cv.cvtColor(np.asarray(im), cv.COLOR_RGB2BGR) hsv = cv.cvtColor(cv_im, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV) _, _, v = cv.split(hsv) avg = np.average(v.flatten()) pixels = im.load() for j in range(im.height) : for i in range(im.width) : hv = v[j,i] if hv < avg * 1.2: #im.putpixel((i, j), 0) # slow pixels[i, j] = 0 '''else : im.putpixel((i, j), (255, 255, 255, 255))''' self.transRawImage.paste(im, (int(r[0]),int(r[1])), mask = None) self.drawTransImageDisp() def onTransRawImageBtnClicked(self): if None != self.rawImage : self.doTransRawImage() def onSaveTransRawImageBtnClicked(self): if None != self.transRawImage : ext = os.path.splitext(self.rawImagePath)[-1] (path,name) = os.path.split(self.rawImagePath) filename = asksaveasfilename(title = '保存图片', initialfile = name, filetypes = (("jpeg files","*{}".format(ext)), ("all files","*.*"))) if '' != filename : self.transRawImage.save(filename) def setupUI(self): # 左边菜单栏 left_f = tk.Frame(self, height=self.frameDispHeight, width=self.leftFrameWidth) left_f.pack(side=tk.LEFT) # 各种功能按钮名称及位置 btnOpen = tk.Button(left_f, text='打开图像', command=self.openAndDisplayImage) btnOpen.place(y=25, x=30, width=300, height=self.btnHeight) btnTrans = tk.Button(left_f, text='处理图像', command=self.onTransRawImageBtnClicked) btnTrans.place(y=85, x=30, width=300, height=self.btnHeight) l_selRect = tk.Label(left_f, text = '鼠标选定区域') l_selRect.place(x=0, y=165, width=self.leftFrameWidth, height=self.labelTextHeight) '''列表''' self.l_box = tk.Listbox(left_f) # 创建两个列表组件 self.l_box.place(x=0, y=165+self.labelTextHeight, width=self.leftFrameWidth, height=270) self.l_box.bind('<<ListboxSelect>>', self.onRectListboxSelect) self.drawListBox() # 删除选定项 btnDel = tk.Button(left_f, text='删除选定项', command=self.deleteSelectedItemFromListBox) btnDel.place(y=460, x=30, width=300, height=self.btnHeight) btnSave = tk.Button(left_f, text='保存结果', command=self.onSaveTransRawImageBtnClicked) btnSave.place(y=550, x=30, width=300, height=self.btnHeight) # 右侧图像显示栏 right_f = tk.Frame(self, height=self.frameDispHeight, width=self.imageDispWidth) right_f.pack(side=tk.RIGHT) l_rawT = tk.Label(right_f, text = '原始图片') l_rawT.place(x=0, y=0, width=self.imageDispWidth, height=self.labelTextHeight) self.image_l_raw = tk.Label(right_f, relief='ridge') self.image_l_raw.place(x=0, y=self.labelTextHeight, width=self.imageDispWidth, height=self.imageDispHeight) self.image_l_raw.bind("<Button-1>",self.rawImageLabelClicked) l_transT = tk.Label(right_f, text = '处理后图片') l_transT.place(x=0, y=self.labelTextHeight + self.imageDispHeight, width=self.imageDispWidth, height=self.labelTextHeight) self.image_l_trans = tk.Label(right_f, relief='ridge') self.image_l_trans.place(x=0, y=self.labelTextHeight + self.imageDispHeight + self.labelTextHeight, width=self.imageDispWidth, height=self.imageDispHeight)if __name__ == '__main__' : win = MainWin() # 进入消息循环 win.mainloop()

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python tkinter实现图片标注功能，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问欢迎给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的！