python爬虫开发之Beautiful Soup模块从安装到详细使用方法与实例

时间：2021-05-23

python爬虫模块Beautiful Soup简介

简单来说，Beautiful Soup是python的一个库，最主要的功能是从网页抓取数据。官方解释如下： Beautiful Soup提供一些简单的、python式的函数用来处理导航、搜索、修改分析树等功能。它是一个工具箱，通过解析文档为用户提供需要抓取的数据，因为简单，所以不需要多少代码就可以写出一个完整的应用程序。Beautiful Soup自动将输入文档转换为Unicode编码，输出文档转换为utf-8编码。你不需要考虑编码方式，除非文档没有指定一个编码方式，这时，Beautiful Soup就不能自动识别编码方式了。然后，你仅仅需要说明一下原始编码方式就可以了。Beautiful Soup已成为和lxml、html6lib一样出色的python解释器，为用户灵活地提供不同的解析策略或强劲的速度。

python爬虫模块Beautiful Soup安装

Beautiful Soup 3 目前已经停止开发，推荐在现在的项目中使用Beautiful Soup 4，不过它已经被移植到BS4了，也就是说导入时我们需要 import bs4 。所以这里我们用的版本是 Beautiful Soup 4.3.2 (简称BS4)，另外据说 BS4 对 Python3 的支持不够好，不过我用的是 Python2.7.7，如果有小伙伴用的是 Python3 版本，可以考虑下载 BS3 版本。 可以利用 pip 或者 easy_install 来安装，以下两种方法均可

easy_install beautifulsoup4 pip install beautifulsoup4

如果想安装最新的版本，请直接下载安装包来手动安装，也是十分方便的方法。下载完成之后解压，运行下面的命令即可完成安装

sudo python setup.py install

然后需要安装 lxml

easy_install lxml pip install lxml

另一个可供选择的解析器是纯Python实现的 html5lib , html5lib的解析方式与浏览器相同,可以选择下列方法来安装html5lib:

easy_install html5lib pip install html5lib

Beautiful Soup支持Python标准库中的HTML解析器,还支持一些第三方的解析器，如果我们不安装它，则 Python 会使用 Python默认的解析器，lxml 解析器更加强大，速度更快，推荐安装。

解析器 使用方法 优势 劣势 Python标准库 BeautifulSoup(markup, “html.parser”) Python的内置标准库 执行速度适中 文档容错能力强 Python 2.7.3 or 3.2.2)前 的版本中文档容错能力差 lxml HTML 解析器 BeautifulSoup(markup, “lxml”) 速度快 文档容错能力强 需要安装C语言库 lxml XML 解析器 BeautifulSoup(markup, [“lxml”, “xml”]) BeautifulSoup(markup, “xml”) 速度快 唯一支持XML的解析器 需要安装C语言库 html5lib BeautifulSoup(markup, “html5lib”) 最好的容错性 以浏览器的方式解析文档 生成HTML5格式的文档 速度慢

创建Beautiful Soup对象

首先必须要导入 bs4 库

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

我们创建一个字符串，后面的例子我们便会用它来演示

html = """<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head><body><p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p><p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were<a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,<a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and<a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p><p class="story">...</p>"""

创建 beautifulsoup 对象

soup = BeautifulSoup(html)

另外，我们还可以用本地 HTML 文件来创建对象，例如

soup = BeautifulSoup(open('index.html'))

上面这句代码便是将本地 index.html 文件打开，用它来创建 soup 对象。下面我们来打印一下 soup 对象的内容，格式化输出

print soup.prettify()

指定编码：当html为其他类型编码（非utf-8和asc ii），比如GB2312的话，则需要指定相应的字符编码，BeautifulSoup才能正确解析。

htmlCharset = "GB2312"
soup = BeautifulSoup(respHtml, fromEncoding=htmlCharset) #!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-from bs4 import BeautifulSoupimport re #待分析字符串html_doc = """<html><head> <title>The Dormouse's story</title></head><body><p class="title aq"> <b> The Dormouse's story </b></p><p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a href="http://example.com/elsie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p><p class="story">...</p>""" # html字符串创建BeautifulSoup对象soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser', from_encoding='utf-8') #输出第一个 title 标签print soup.title #输出第一个 title 标签的标签名称print soup.title.name #输出第一个 title 标签的包含内容print soup.title.string #输出第一个 title 标签的父标签的标签名称print soup.title.parent.name #输出第一个 p 标签print soup.p #输出第一个 p 标签的 class 属性内容print soup.p['class'] #输出第一个 a 标签的 href 属性内容print soup.a['href']'''soup的属性可以被添加,删除或修改. 再说一次, soup的属性操作方法与字典一样'''#修改第一个 a 标签的href属性为 http:///tillie" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" id="link3"&g

声明：本页内容来源网络，仅供用户参考；我单位不保证亦不表示资料全面及准确无误，也不保证亦不表示这些资料为最新信息，如因任何原因，本网内容或者用户因倚赖本网内容造成任何损失或损害，我单位将不会负任何法律责任。如涉及版权问题，请提交至online#300.cn邮箱联系删除。

相关文章