多进程&多线程

服务端：多进程和多线程的开启方式相同。

缺点：<1> 由于Cpython的GIL，导致同一时间无法运行多个线程；<2> 不可能无限开进进程或线程

解决办法：多进程、concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor、线程池

import socketfrom multiprocessing import Processfrom threading import Threadclass MyTcpServer: def __init__(self, ip, port): self.ip = ip self.port = port self.server = socket.socket() self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port)) self.server.listen(5) def wait_accept(self): conn, addr = self.server.accept() return conn, addr def handle_request(self, conn): while 1: try: data = conn.recv(1024) if not data: break conn.send(data.upper()) except Exception as e: print(e) break conn.close()if __name__ == '__main__': server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888) while 1: conn, addr = server.wait_accept() p = Process(target=server.handle_request, args=(conn, )) # 创建一个进程 p.start() # 告诉操作提供，开启这个进程

进程池&线程池

异步提交任务，支持异步接收返回结果(submit返回一个futures对象，调用add_done_callback方法)

import socketfrom concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor# from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutorclass MyTcpServer: def __init__(self, ip, port): self.ip = ip self.port = port self.server = socket.socket() self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port)) self.server.listen(5) def wait_accept(self): conn, addr = self.server.accept() return conn, addr def handle_request(self, conn): while 1: try: data = conn.recv(1024) if not data: break conn.send(data.upper()) except Exception as e: print(e) break conn.close()if __name__ == '__main__': server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888) pool = ProcessPoolExecutor(5) # 5个进程一直服务 while 1: conn, addr = server.wait_accept() pool.submit(server.handle_request, conn) # 异步提交任务

socketserver

优点：简化socket服务端创建流程。
提供服务端串行和并发两种服务模式（TCPServer，ThreadingTCPServer）
缺点：windows上无法使用多进程实现并发

import socketserverclass MyTcpHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): def handle(self): # 通信循环 while 1: try: data = self.request.recv(1024) if not data: break self.request.send(data.upper()) except Exception as e: print(e) break self.request.close()if __name__ == '__main__': ip_port = '127.0.0.1', 8888 server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(ip_port, MyTcpHandler) # 异步处理 server.serve_forever() # 连接循环

协程

优点：单线程内实现并发，代码级别模拟IO切换，提高程序运行效率

from gevent import spawn, monkey;monkey.patch_all() # 猴子补丁，补丁:常规IOimport socketclass MyTcpServer: def __init__(self, ip, port, my_spawn): self.ip = ip self.port = port self.server = socket.socket() self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port)) self.server.listen(5) self.spawn = my_spawn # 保存spawn本地 def wait_accept(self): while 1: conn, addr = self.server.accept() self.spawn(self.handle_request, conn) # 检测 handle_request的io def handle_request(self, conn): while 1: try: data = conn.recv(1024) if not data: break conn.send(data.upper()) except Exception as e: print(e) break conn.close()if __name__ == '__main__': server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888, spawn) g1 = server.spawn(server.wait_accept) # 检测wait_accept的io g1.join() # 等待g1运行结束，即一直在循环检测io

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