Django实现组合搜索的方法示例

时间：2021-05-23

一、实现方法

1.纯模板语言实现

2.自定义simpletag实现（本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断）

二、基本原理

原理都是通过django路由系统，匹配url筛选条件，将筛选条件作为数据库查询结果，返回给前端。

例如：路由系统中的url格式是这样：

url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter)

其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的，此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候，后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}，然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件，最后得出结果返回给前端

三、代码样例

方法1：纯模板语言实现

urls.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_#Author:wdfrom django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [ url(r'^$',views.index), url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>\d+)-(?P<category_id>\d+).html',views.filter),]

models.py

from django.db import modelsclass Category(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)class Article_type(models.Model): caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)class Article(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=64) content=models.CharField(max_length=256) category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category') article_type=models.ForeignKey(to='Article_type'

views.py

def filter(request,*args,**kwargs): if request.method=="GET": condition={} for k,v in kwargs.items(): kwargs[k]=int(v) #模板if判断row.id是数字，所以这里需要转换 if v=="0":#当条件为0代表所选的是全部，那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中 pass else: condition[k]=int(v) aritcle=models.Article.objects.filter(**condition) aritcle_type=models.Article_type.objects.all() aritcle_category=models.Category.objects.all() return render(request,'search.html',{ 'aritcle':aritcle, 'article_type':aritcle_type, 'article_category':aritcle_category, 'article_arg':kwargs,#将当前的筛选条件传递给html })

html模板

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .container a{ display: inline-block; padding: 3px 5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px solid #dddddd ; } .active{ background-color: rebeccapurple; } </style></head><body><h1>搜索条件</h1><div class="container"> {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% endif %} {% for row in article_type %} {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %}</div><div class="container"> {% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% endif %} {% for row in article_category %} {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %}</div><h1>查询结果</h1><div> {% for row in aritcle %} <div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div> {% endfor %}</div></body></html>

方法二：使用simpletag实现

定义simpletag

myfilter.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_#Author:wdfrom django import templatefrom django.utils.safestring import mark_saferegister=template.Library()@register.simple_tagdef filter_all(article_arg,condition): ''' 处理条件为全部 :param article_arg: 当前url字典：如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1} :param condition: 要处理的条件，如article_type_id，用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部 :return: 返回下面页面形式 {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a> {% endif %} {% for row in article_type %} {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %} ''' if condition=='article_type_id': if article_arg[condition]==0: print(article_arg['category_id']) res= '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id'] else: res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id'] return mark_safe(res) elif condition=='category_id': if article_arg['category_id']==0: res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id'] else: res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id'] return mark_safe(res)@register.simple_tagdef filter_type(article_type,article_arg): ''' :param article_type: article_type对象 :param article_arg: 当前url字典 :return: {% for row in article_type %} {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %} ''' res=[] for row in article_type: if row.id== article_arg['article_type_id']: temp='<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(row.id,article_arg['category_id'],row.caption) else: temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row.id, article_arg['category_id'],row.caption) res.append(temp) return mark_safe("".join(res))@register.simple_tagdef filter_category(article_category,article_arg): ''' :param article_type: article_category对象 :param article_arg: 当前url字典 :return: {% for row in article_category %} {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %} <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% else %} <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a> {% endif %} {% endfor %} ''' res=[] for row in article_category: if row.id== article_arg['category_id']: temp='<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption) else: temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption) res.append(temp) return mark_safe("".join(res))

html模板

{% load myfilter %}<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .container a{ display: inline-block; padding: 3px 5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px solid #dddddd ; } .active{ background-color: rebeccapurple; } </style></head><body><h1>搜索条件</h1><div class="container"> {% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %} {% filter_type article_type article_arg %}</div><div class="container"> {% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %} {% filter_category article_category article_arg %}</div><h1>查询结果</h1><div> {% for row in aritcle %} <div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div> {% endfor %}</div></body></html>

ps附上简图：

四、其他变化

在如上的示例中，我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到，有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段，此时组合搜索会稍微修改。

1.model定义

class Article(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=64) content=models.CharField(max_length=256) category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category') article_type=( #使用静态字段放入内存 (1,'linux'), (2,'python'), (3,'go'), )

2.处理函数变化

###获取####aritcle_type=models.Article.article_type#直接获取类的静态字段

3.simpletag相应改变

###由于我们传递的元祖，所以取值使用元祖方式article_type[0]# 筛选条件idarticle_type[1]# 筛选条件名称

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