基于 laravel 默认的 auth 实现 api 认证

现在微服务越来越流行了. 很多东西都拆分成独立的系统,各个系统之间没有直接的关系. 这样我们如果做用户认证肯定是统一的做一个独立的 用户认证 系统,而不是每个业务系统都要重新去写一遍用户认证相关的东西. 但是又遇到一个问题了. laravel 默认的auth 认证 是基于数据库做的,如果要微服务架构可怎么做呢?

实现代码如下:

UserProvider 接口:

// 通过唯一标示符获取认证模型public function retrieveById($identifier);// 通过唯一标示符和 remember token 获取模型public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token);// 通过给定的认证模型更新 remember tokenpublic function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token);// 通过给定的凭证获取用户，比如 email 或用户名等等public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials);// 认证给定的用户和给定的凭证是否符合public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials);

Laravel 中默认有两个 user provider : DatabaseUserProvider & EloquentUserProvider.

DatabaseUserProvider

Illuminate\Auth\DatabaseUserProvider

直接通过数据库表来获取认证模型.

EloquentUserProvider

Illuminate\Auth\EloquentUserProvider

通过 eloquent 模型来获取认证模型

根据上面的知识，可以知道要自定义一个认证很简单。

自定义 Provider

创建一个自定义的认证模型，实现 Authenticatable 接口；

App\Auth\UserProvider.php

<?phpnamespace App\Auth;use App\Models\User;use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider as Provider;class UserProvider implements Provider{ /** * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier. * @param mixed $identifier * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null */ public function retrieveById($identifier) { return app(User::class)::getUserByGuId($identifier); } /** * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier and "remember me" token. * @param mixed $identifier * @param string $token * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null */ public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token) { return null; } /** * Update the "remember me" token for the given user in storage. * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user * @param string $token * @return bool */ public function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token) { return true; } /** * Retrieve a user by the given credentials. * @param array $credentials * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null */ public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials) { if ( !isset($credentials['api_token'])) { return null; } return app(User::class)::getUserByToken($credentials['api_token']); } /** * Rules a user against the given credentials. * @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user * @param array $credentials * @return bool */ public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials) { if ( !isset($credentials['api_token'])) { return false; } return true; }}

Authenticatable 接口:

Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
Authenticatable 定义了一个可以被用来认证的模型或类需要实现的接口，也就是说，如果需要用一个自定义的类来做认证，需要实现这个接口定义的方法。

<?php...// 获取唯一标识的，可以用来认证的字段名，比如 id，uuidpublic function getAuthIdentifierName();// 获取该标示符对应的值public function getAuthIdentifier();// 获取认证的密码public function getAuthPassword();// 获取remember tokenpublic function getRememberToken();// 设置 remember tokenpublic function setRememberToken($value);// 获取 remember token 对应的字段名，比如默认的 'remember_token'public function getRememberTokenName();...

Laravel 中定义的 Authenticatable trait，也是 Laravel auth 默认的 User 模型使用的 trait，这个 trait 定义了 User 模型默认认证标示符为 'id'，密码字段为password，remember token 对应的字段为 remember_token 等等。

通过重写 User 模型的这些方法可以修改一些设置。

实现自定义认证模型

App\Models\User.php

<?phpnamespace App\Models;use App\Exceptions\RestApiException;use App\Models\Abstracts\RestApiModel;use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;class User extends RestApiModel implements Authenticatable{ protected $primaryKey = 'guid'; public $incrementing = false; protected $keyType = 'string'; /** * 获取唯一标识的，可以用来认证的字段名，比如 id，guid * @return string */ public function getAuthIdentifierName() { return $this->primaryKey; } /** * 获取主键的值 * @return mixed */ public function getAuthIdentifier() { $id = $this->{$this->getAuthIdentifierName()}; return $id; } public function getAuthPassword() { return ''; } public function getRememberToken() { return ''; } public function setRememberToken($value) { return true; } public function getRememberTokenName() { return ''; } protected static function getBaseUri() { return config('api-host.user'); } public static $apiMap = [ 'getUserByToken' => ['method' => 'GET', 'path' => 'login/user/token'], 'getUserByGuId' => ['method' => 'GET', 'path' => 'user/guid/:guid'], ]; /** * 获取用户信息 (by guid) * @param string $guid * @return User|null */ public static function getUserByGuId(string $guid) { try { $response = self::getItem('getUserByGuId', [ ':guid' => $guid ]); } catch (RestApiException $e) { return null; } return $response; } /** * 获取用户信息 (by token) * @param string $token * @return User|null */ public static function getUserByToken(string $token) { try { $response = self::getItem('getUserByToken', [ 'Authorization' => $token ]); } catch (RestApiException $e) { return null; } return $response; }}

上面 RestApiModel 是我们公司对 Guzzle 的封装,用于 php 项目各个系统之间 api 调用. 代码就不方便透漏了.

Guard 接口

Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard

Guard 接口定义了某个实现了 Authenticatable (可认证的) 模型或类的认证方法以及一些常用的接口。

// 判断当前用户是否登录public function check();// 判断当前用户是否是游客（未登录）public function guest();// 获取当前认证的用户public function user();// 获取当前认证用户的 id，严格来说不一定是 id，应该是上个模型中定义的唯一的字段名public function id();// 根据提供的消息认证用户public function validate(array $credentials = []);// 设置当前用户public function setUser(Authenticatable $user);

StatefulGuard 接口

Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\StatefulGuard

StatefulGuard 接口继承自 Guard 接口，除了 Guard 里面定义的一些基本接口外，还增加了更进一步、有状态的 Guard.
新添加的接口有这些：

// 尝试根据提供的凭证验证用户是否合法public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false);// 一次性登录，不记录session or cookiepublic function once(array $credentials = []);// 登录用户，通常在验证成功后记录 session 和 cookie public function login(Authenticatable $user, $remember = false);// 使用用户 id 登录public function loginUsingId($id, $remember = false);// 使用用户 ID 登录，但是不记录 session 和 cookiepublic function onceUsingId($id);// 通过 cookie 中的 remember token 自动登录public function viaRemember();// 登出public function logout();

Laravel 中默认提供了 3 中 guard ：RequestGuard，TokenGuard，SessionGuard.

RequestGuard

Illuminate\Auth\RequestGuard

RequestGuard 是一个非常简单的 guard. RequestGuard 是通过传入一个闭包来认证的。可以通过调用 Auth::viaRequest 添加一个自定义的 RequestGuard.

SessionGuard

Illuminate\Auth\SessionGuard

SessionGuard 是 Laravel web 认证默认的 guard.

TokenGuard

Illuminate\Auth\TokenGuard

TokenGuard 适用于无状态 api 认证，通过 token 认证.

实现自定义 Guard

App\Auth\UserGuard.php

<?phpnamespace App\Auth;use Illuminate\Http\Request;use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;class UserGuard implements Guard{ use GuardHelpers; protected $user = null; protected $request; protected $provider; /** * The name of the query string item from the request containing the API token. * * @var string */ protected $inputKey; /** * The name of the token "column" in persistent storage. * * @var string */ protected $storageKey; /** * The user we last attempted to retrieve * @var */ protected $lastAttempted; /** * UserGuard constructor. * @param UserProvider $provider * @param Request $request * @return void */ public function __construct(UserProvider $provider, Request $request = null) { $this->request = $request; $this->provider = $provider; $this->inputKey = 'Authorization'; $this->storageKey = 'api_token'; } /** * Get the currently authenticated user. * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null */ public function user() { if(!is_null($this->user)) { return $this->user; } $user = null; $token = $this->getTokenForRequest(); if(!empty($token)) { $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials( [$this->storageKey => $token] ); } return $this->user = $user; } /** * Rules a user's credentials. * @param array $credentials * @return bool */ public function validate(array $credentials = []) { if (empty($credentials[$this->inputKey])) { return false; } $credentials = [$this->storageKey => $credentials[$this->inputKey]]; $this->lastAttempted = $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials($credentials); return $this->hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials); } /** * Determine if the user matches the credentials. * @param mixed $user * @param array $credentials * @return bool */ protected function hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials) { return !is_null($user) && $this->provider->validateCredentials($user, $credentials); } /** * Get the token for the current request. * @return string */ public function getTokenForRequest() { $token = $this->request->header($this->inputKey); return $token; } /** * Set the current request instance. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @return $this */ public function setRequest(Request $request) { $this->request = $request; return $this; }}

在 AppServiceProvider 的 boot 方法添加如下代码：

App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider.php

<?php...// auth:api -> token provider.Auth::provider('token', function() { return app(UserProvider::class);});// auth:api -> token guard.// @throw \ExceptionAuth::extend('token', function($app, $name, array $config) { if($name === 'api') { return app()->make(UserGuard::class, [ 'provider' => Auth::createUserProvider($config['provider']), 'request' => $app->request, ]); } throw new \Exception('This guard only serves "auth:api".');});...

在 config\auth.php的 guards 数组中添加自定义 guard，一个自定义 guard 包括两部分： driver 和 provider.

设置 config\auth.php 的 defaults.guard 为 api.

<?phpreturn [ 'defaults' => [ 'guard' => 'api', 'passwords' => 'users', ], 'guards' => [ 'web' => [ 'driver' => 'session', 'provider' => 'users', ], 'api' => [ 'driver' => 'token', 'provider' => 'token', ], ], 'providers' => [ 'users' => [ 'driver' => 'eloquent', 'model' => App\Models\User::class, ], 'token' => [ 'driver' => 'token', 'model' => App\Models\User::class, ], ], 'passwords' => [ 'users' => [ 'provider' => 'users', 'table' => 'password_resets', 'expire' => 60, ], ],];

使用 方式:

参考文章：地址

总结

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