.NET Core单文件发布静态编译AOT CoreRT的方法详解

时间:2021-05-28

前言

本文主要介绍的是关于.NET Core单文件发布静态编译AOT CoreRT,将.NET Core应用打包成一个可执行文件并包含运行时。

支持Windows, MacOS and Linux x64 w/ RyuJIT codegen。

示例项目:

https://github.com/dotnet/corert/tree/master/samples/WebApi

下面来实际体验。

首先确保安装C++编译环境,以及.NET Core 2.0 以上版本SDK。

新建WebAPI应用

打开命令提示符,输入如下:

dotnet new webapi -o zeroapicd zeroapi

新建WebAPI应用。

添加CoreRT到项目

目前CoreRT还是alpha版,在myget上有包。

首先添加一个nuget.config

dotnet new nuget

然后在 <packageSources> 节点添加如下:

<add key="dotnet-core" value="https://dotnet.myget.org/F/dotnet-core/api/v3/index.json" /><add key="nuget.org" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" protocolVersion="3" />

接着添加Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler包引用:

dotnet add package Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler -v 1.0.0-alpha-*

替换默认services并处理反射

打开Startup.cs ,将 services.AddMvc(); 替换成 services.AddMvcCore().AddJsonFormatters();

接着创建一个rd.xml 配置文件,用于反射处理运行时,确保反射程序集编译到程序中。

rd.xml配置文件如下:

<Directives> <Application> <Assembly Name="zeroapi" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServer" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.KestrelServerOptionsSetup" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel" Dynamic="Required All"/> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Libuv"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Libuv.LibuvTransportFactory" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Transport.Libuv.LibuvTransportOptions" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection" Dynamic="Required All"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DefaultServiceProviderFactory" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteExpressionBuilder" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteValidator" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsManager`1[[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsFactory`1[[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.KestrelServerOptions,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Options.OptionsMonitor`1[[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console.ConsoleLoggerOptions,Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Internal.RoutingMarkerService" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.RouterMiddleware" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Tree.TreeRouteBuilder" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.DefaultInlineConstraintResolver" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.RouteOptions" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json.Internal.MvcJsonMvcOptionsSetup" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.MvcJsonOptions" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.AuthorizationOptions" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.HttpContextFactory" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting" Dynamic="Required All"> <Type Name="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.ApplicationLifetime" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Logger`1[[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost,Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LoggerFactory" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console.ConsoleLoggerOptions" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console.ConsoleLoggerProvider" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug.DebugLogger" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug.DebugLoggerProvider" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="System.Linq.Expressions"> <Type Name="System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionCreator`1[[Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.ObjectConstructor`1[[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib]],Newtonsoft.Json]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionCreator`1[[System.Func`2[[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib],[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib]],System.Private.CoreLib]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.ObjectPool.DefaultObjectPoolProvider" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Newtonsoft.Json"> <Type Name="Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization.ObjectConstructor`1[[System.Object,System.Private.CoreLib]]" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter"> <Type Name="System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="System.ComponentModel.StringConverter" Dynamic="Required All" /> <Type Name="System.ComponentModel.Int32Converter" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> <Assembly Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json"> <Type Name="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json.JsonConfigurationSource" Dynamic="Required All" /> </Assembly> </Application></Directives>

其中如果你要替换成自己的程序,更改 <Assembly Name="zeroapi" Dynamic="Required All" /> 中的Name。

打开zeroapi.csproj

在<PropertyGroup>节点下将 <RdXmlFile>rd.xml</RdXmlFile> 加入。

接着将 <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.0.3" /> 替换成如下:

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore" Version="2.0.1" /><PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Core" Version="2.0.1" /><PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Formatters.Json" Version="2.0.1" />

接着将 ValuesController 更改一下,确保功能正常,如下:

public class ValuesController { [HttpGet("/")] public string Hello() => "Hello World! LineZero AOT"; // GET api/values [HttpGet("/api/values")] public IEnumerable<string> Get() { return new string[] { "AOT", "CoreRT" }; } // GET api/values/5 [HttpGet("/api/values/{id}")] public string Get(int id) { return "Your value is " + id; } }

程序改造完成,接着最重要的发布。

还原并发布

发布之前,使用dotnet run 确保功能正常运行。

发布请打开 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2017 ,注意一定在此命令行发布。在开始菜单找到 Visual Studio 2017,打开就能找到。

发布命令还是 dotnet publish -r <RID> -c <Configuration>

这里发布Windows 64位 dotnet publish -r win-x64 -c release,初次的话会默认还原对应的包,需要一些时间。

发布完成后,打开bin\x64\release\netcoreapp2.0\win-x64\publish 文件夹,里面zeroapi.exe即为最终文件,执行即可。

可以看到最终大小为21m左右。然后访问http://localhost:5000/ 如图:

控制台Demo

新建一个控制台应用,使用AOT发布。

单纯控制台,没有反射的内容,无需要rd.xml 文件。

代码如下:

class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); Console.WriteLine("LineZero AOT Demo!"); Console.ReadKey(); } }

最终 dotnet publish -r win-x64 -c release 发布

最终单个文件大小不到4m!

目前该技术还是早期版本,期待微软最终带到正式版。

GitHub:https://github.com/dotnet/corert

总结

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