详解WebSocket+spring示例demo(已使用sockJs库)

时间:2021-05-19

1、简介

作为下一代的Web标准,HTML5拥有许多引人注目的新特性,如 Canvas、本地存储、多媒体编程接口、WebSocket等等。这其中有“Web的 TCP”之称的 WebSocket格外吸引开发人员的注意。WebSocket的出现使得浏览器提供对 Socket的支持成为可能,从而在浏览器和服务器之间提供了一个基于TCP连接的双向通道。Web开发人员可以非常方便地使用WebSocket构建实时 web 应用,开发人员的手中从此又多了一柄神兵利器。

Web 应用的信息交互过程通常是客户端通过浏览器发出一个请求,服务器端接收和审核完请求后进行处理并返回结果给客户端,然后客户端浏览器将信息呈现出来,这种机制对于信息变化不是特别频繁的应用尚能相安无事,但是对于那些实时要求比较高的应用来说,比如说在线游戏、在线证券、设备监控、新闻在线播报、RSS订阅推送等等,当客户端浏览器准备呈现这些信息的时候,这些信息在服务器端可能已经过时了。

所以保持客户端和服务器端的信息同步是实时 Web应用的关键要素,对 Web开发人员来说也是一个难题。在 WebSocket规范出来之前,开发人员想实现这些实时的Web应用,不得不采用一些折衷的方案,其中最常用的就是轮询(Polling)和 Comet 技术,而Comet技术实际上是轮询技术的改进,又可细分为两种实现方式,一种是长轮询机制,一种称为流技术。

Html5 WebSocket 设计出来的目的就是要取代轮询和 Comet技术,使客户端浏览器具备像 C/S架构下桌面系统的实时通讯能力。浏览器通过JavaScript向服务器发出建立 WebSocket连接的请求,连接建立以后,客户端和服务器端就可以通过 TCP连接直接交换数据。因为 WebSocket连接本质上就是一个TCP连接,所以在数据传输的稳定性和数据传输量的大小方面,和轮询以及Comet技术比较,具有很大的性能优势。

但是鉴于web socket 对浏览器要求比较高,为了解决这个问题,推出了sockJS,SockJS是一个JavaScript库,提供跨浏览器javascript的API,创建了一个低延迟、全双工的浏览器和web服务器之间通信通道。

2、相关环境要求

Spring4.0.6(要选择4.0+),tomcat7.0.55版本,JDK1.7。

3、具体代码

(以下代码亲测可用!)

(1)web.xml:

<?xmlversionxmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://ponent public class SystemWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler { @Override public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception { System.out.println("connect to the websocket success......"); session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("Server:connected OK!")); } @Override public void handleMessage(WebSocketSession wss, WebSocketMessage<?> wsm) throws Exception { TextMessage returnMessage = new TextMessage(wsm.getPayload() + " received at server"); wss.sendMessage(returnMessage); } @Override public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession wss, Throwable thrwbl) throws Exception { if(wss.isOpen()){ wss.close(); } System.out.println("websocket connection closed......"); } @Override public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession wss, CloseStatus cs) throws Exception { System.out.println("websocket connection closed......"); } @Override public boolean supportsPartialMessages() { return false; } }

(6)WebSocketConfig.java

package zyy.sockjs.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler; import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket; import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @EnableWebSocket public class WebSocketConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter implements WebSocketConfigurer { public WebSocketConfig() { } @Override public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) { registry.addHandler(systemWebSocketHandler(), "/websck").addInterceptors(new HandshakeInterceptor()); System.out.println("registed!"); registry.addHandler(systemWebSocketHandler(), "/sockjs/websck/info").addInterceptors(new HandshakeInterceptor()) .withSockJS(); } @Bean public WebSocketHandler systemWebSocketHandler() { return new SystemWebSocketHandler(); } }

(7)testSocket.jsp

<%@ page language="java"contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>WebSocket/SockJS Echo Sample (Adapted from Tomcat's echo sample)</title> <style type="text/css"> #connect-container { float: left; width: 400px } #connect-container div { padding: 5px; } #console-container { float: left; margin-left: 15px; width: 400px; } #console { border:1px solid #CCCCCC; border-right-color:#33333333; border-bottom-color:#999999; height: 170px; overflow-y: scroll; padding: 5px; width: 100%; } #console p { padding: 0; margin: 0; } </style> <script src="http://cdn.sockjs.org/sockjs-0.3.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var ws = null; var url = null; var transports = []; function setConnected(connected) { document.getElementById('connect').disabled = connected; document.getElementById('disconnect').disabled = !connected; document.getElementById('echo').disabled = !connected; } function connect() { if (!url) { log('Select whether to use W3C WebSocket or SockJS'); return; } //ws = (url.indexOf('sockjs') != -1) ?new SockJS(url, undefined, {protocols_whitelist: transports}) : new WebSocket(url); if ('WebSocket'in window) { ws= new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/SpringSocketJs/websck"); }else { ws = new SockJS("http://localhost:8080/SpringSocketJs/sockjs/websck/info"); } //websocket = new SockJS("http://localhost:8084/SpringWebSocketPush/sockjs/websck"); ws.onopen = function () { setConnected(true); //log('Info: connection opened.'); }; ws.onmessage = function (event) { log('Received: ' + event.data); }; ws.onclose = function (event) { setConnected(false); log('Info: connection closed.'); log(event); }; } function disconnect() { if (ws != null) { ws.close(); ws = null; } setConnected(false); } function echo() { if (ws != null) { var message = document.getElementById('message').value; log('Sent: ' + message); ws.send(message); } else { alert('connection not established, please connect.'); } } function updateUrl(urlPath) { if (urlPath.indexOf('sockjs') != -1) { url = urlPath; document.getElementById('sockJsTransportSelect').style.visibility ='visible'; } else { if (window.location.protocol =='http:') { url = 'ws://' + window.location.host + urlPath; } else { url = 'wss://' + window.location.host + urlPath; } document.getElementById('sockJsTransportSelect').style.visibility ='hidden'; } } function updateTransport(transport) { transports = (transport == 'all') ? [] : [transport]; } function log(message) { var console = document.getElementById('console'); var p = document.createElement('p'); p.style.wordWrap = 'break-word'; p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(message)); console.appendChild(p); while (console.childNodes.length > 25) { console.removeChild(console.firstChild); } console.scrollTop = console.scrollHeight; } </script> </head> <body> <noscript><h2 style="color:#ff0000">Seems your browser doesn't supportJavascript!Websockets rely on Javascript being enabled. Please enable Javascript and reload this page!</h2></noscript> <div> <div id="connect-container"> <input id="radio1"type="radio"name="group1"onclick="updateUrl('/SpringSocketJs/websocket');"> <label for="radio1">W3C WebSocket</label> <br> <input id="radio2"type="radio"name="group1"onclick="updateUrl('/SpringSocketJs/sockjs/websocket');"> <label for="radio2">SockJS</label> <div id="sockJsTransportSelect" style="visibility:hidden;"> SockJS transport: <select onchange="updateTransport(this.value)"> <option value="all">all</option> <option value="websocket">websocket</option> <option value="xhr-polling">xhr-polling</option> <option value="jsonp-polling">jsonp-polling</option> <option value="xhr-streaming">xhr-streaming</option> <option value="iframe-eventsource">iframe-eventsource</option> <option value="iframe-htmlfile">iframe-htmlfile</option> </select> </div> <div> <button id="connect"onclick="connect();">Connect</button> <button id="disconnect"disabled="disabled"onclick="disconnect();">Disconnect</button> </div> <div> <textarea id="message"style="width:350px">Here is a message!</textarea> </div> <div> <button id="echo"onclick="echo();"disabled="disabled">Echo message</button> </div> </div> <div id="console-container"> <div id="console"></div> </div> </div> </body> </html>

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。

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