首先我们看公式：

这个是要拟合的函数

然后我们求出它的损失函数，注意：这里的n和m均为数据集的长度，写的时候忘了

注意，前面的theta0-theta1x是实际值，后面的y是期望值
接着我们求出损失函数的偏导数：

最终，梯度下降的算法：

学习率一般小于1，当损失函数是0时，我们输出theta0和theta1.
接下来上代码！

class LinearRegression(): def __init__(self, data, theta0, theta1, learning_rate): self.data = data self.theta0 = theta0 self.theta1 = theta1 self.learning_rate = learning_rate self.length = len(data) # hypothesis def h_theta(self, x): return self.theta0 + self.theta1 * x # cost function def J(self): temp = 0 for i in range(self.length): temp += pow(self.h_theta(self.data[i][0]) - self.data[i][1], 2) return 1 / (2 * self.m) * temp # partial derivative def pd_theta0_J(self): temp = 0 for i in range(self.length): temp += self.h_theta(self.data[i][0]) - self.data[i][1] return 1 / self.m * temp def pd_theta1_J(self): temp = 0 for i in range(self.length): temp += (self.h_theta(data[i][0]) - self.data[i][1]) * self.data[i][0] return 1 / self.m * temp # gradient descent def gd(self): min_cost = 0.00001 round = 1 max_round = 10000 while min_cost < abs(self.J()) and round <= max_round: self.theta0 = self.theta0 - self.learning_rate * self.pd_theta0_J() self.theta1 = self.theta1 - self.learning_rate * self.pd_theta1_J() print('round', round, ':\t theta0=%.16f' % self.theta0, '\t theta1=%.16f' % self.theta1) round += 1 return self.theta0, self.theta1def main(): data = [[1, 2], [2, 5], [4, 8], [5, 9], [8, 15]] # 这里换成你想拟合的数[x, y] # plot scatter x = [] y = [] for i in range(len(data)): x.append(data[i][0]) y.append(data[i][1]) plt.scatter(x, y) # gradient descent linear_regression = LinearRegression(data, theta0, theta1, learning_rate) theta0, theta1 = linear_regression.gd() # plot returned linear x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.01) y = theta0 + theta1 * x plt.plot(x, y) plt.show()

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