本文实例讲述了Python实现的特征提取操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Mon Aug 21 10:57:29 2017@author: 飘的心"""#过滤式特征选择#根据方差进行选择，方差越小，代表该属性识别能力很差，可以剔除from sklearn.feature_selection import VarianceThresholdx=[[100,1,2,3], [100,4,5,6], [100,7,8,9], [101,11,12,13]]selector=VarianceThreshold(1) #方差阈值值，selector.fit(x)selector.variances_ #展现属性的方差selector.transform(x)#进行特征选择selector.get_support(True) #选择结果后，特征之前的索引selector.inverse_transform(selector.transform(x)) #将特征选择后的结果还原成原始数据 #被剔除掉的数据，显示为0#单变量特征选择from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest,f_classifx=[[1,2,3,4,5], [5,4,3,2,1], [3,3,3,3,3], [1,1,1,1,1]]y=[0,1,0,1]selector=SelectKBest(score_func=f_classif,k=3)#选择3个特征，指标使用的是方差分析F值selector.fit(x,y)selector.scores_ #每一个特征的得分selector.pvalues_selector.get_support(True) #如果为true，则返回被选出的特征下标，如果选择False，则 #返回的是一个布尔值组成的数组，该数组只是那些特征被选择selector.transform(x)#包裹时特征选择from sklearn.feature_selection import RFEfrom sklearn.svm import LinearSVC #选择svm作为评定算法from sklearn.datasets import load_iris #加载数据集iris=load_iris()x=iris.datay=iris.targetestimator=LinearSVC()selector=RFE(estimator=estimator,n_features_to_select=2) #选择2个特征selector.fit(x,y)selector.n_features_ #给出被选出的特征的数量selector.support_ #给出了被选择特征的maskselector.ranking_ #特征排名，被选出特征的排名为1#注意：特征提取对于预测性能的提升没有必然的联系，接下来进行比较；from sklearn.feature_selection import RFEfrom sklearn.svm import LinearSVCfrom sklearn import cross_validationfrom sklearn.datasets import load_iris#加载数据iris=load_iris()X=iris.datay=iris.target#特征提取estimator=LinearSVC()selector=RFE(estimator=estimator,n_features_to_select=2)X_t=selector.fit_transform(X,y)#切分测试集与验证集x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=cross_validation.train_test_split(X,y, test_size=0.25,random_state=0,stratify=y)x_train_t,x_test_t,y_train_t,y_test_t=cross_validation.train_test_split(X_t,y, test_size=0.25,random_state=0,stratify=y)clf=LinearSVC()clf_t=LinearSVC()clf.fit(x_train,y_train)clf_t.fit(x_train_t,y_train_t)print('origin dataset test score:',clf.score(x_test,y_test))#origin dataset test score: 0.973684210526print('selected Dataset:test score:',clf_t.score(x_test_t,y_test_t))#selected Dataset:test score: 0.947368421053import numpy as npfrom sklearn.feature_selection import RFECVfrom sklearn.svm import LinearSVCfrom sklearn.datasets import load_irisiris=load_iris()x=iris.datay=iris.targetestimator=LinearSVC()selector=RFECV(estimator=estimator,cv=3)selector.fit(x,y)selector.n_features_selector.support_selector.ranking_selector.grid_scores_#嵌入式特征选择import numpy as npfrom sklearn.feature_selection import SelectFromModelfrom sklearn.svm import LinearSVCfrom sklearn.datasets import load_digitsdigits=load_digits()x=digits.datay=digits.targetestimator=LinearSVC(penalty='l1',dual=False)selector=SelectFromModel(estimator=estimator,threshold='mean')selector.fit(x,y)selector.transform(x)selector.threshold_selector.get_support(indices=True)#scikitlearn提供了Pipeline来讲多个学习器组成流水线，通常流水线的形式为：将数据标准化，#--》特征提取的学习器————》执行预测的学习器，除了最后一个学习器之后，#前面的所有学习器必须提供transform方法，该方法用于数据转化（如归一化、正则化、#以及特征提取#学习器流水线（pipeline）from sklearn.svm import LinearSVCfrom sklearn.datasets import load_digitsfrom sklearn import cross_validationfrom sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegressionfrom sklearn.pipeline import Pipelinedef test_Pipeline(data): x_train,x_test,y_train,y_test=data steps=[('linear_svm',LinearSVC(C=1,penalty='l1',dual=False)), ('logisticregression',LogisticRegression(C=1))] pipeline=Pipeline(steps) pipeline.fit(x_train,y_train) print('named steps',pipeline.named_steps) print('pipeline score',pipeline.score(x_test,y_test))if __name__=='__main__': data=load_digits() x=data.data y=data.target test_Pipeline(cross_validation.train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.25, random_state=0,stratify=y))

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