batch很好理解，就是batch size。注意在一个epoch中最后一个batch大小可能小于等于batch size

dataset.repeat就是俗称epoch，但在tf中与dataset.shuffle的使用顺序可能会导致个epoch的混合

dataset.shuffle就是说维持一个buffer size 大小的 shuffle buffer，图中所需的每个样本从shuffle buffer中获取，取得一个样本后，就从源数据集中加入一个样本到shuffle buffer中。

import osos.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = ""import numpy as npimport tensorflow as tfnp.random.seed(0)x = np.random.sample((11,2))# make a dataset from a numpy arrayprint(x)print()dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(x)dataset = dataset.shuffle(3)dataset = dataset.batch(4)dataset = dataset.repeat(2)# create the iteratoriter = dataset.make_one_shot_iterator()el = iter.get_next()with tf.Session() as sess: print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el))#源数据集[[ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ] [ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]]# 通过shuffle batch后取得的样本[[ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.5488135 0.71518937]][[ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492]][[ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215]] #最后一个batch样本个数为3[[ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492]][[ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ]][[ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]] #最后一个batch样本个数为3

1、按照shuffle中设置的buffer size，首先从源数据集取得三个样本：
shuffle buffer：
[ 0.5488135 0.71518937]
[ 0.60276338 0.54488318]
[ 0.4236548 0.64589411]
2、从buffer中取一个样本到batch中得：
shuffle buffer：
[ 0.5488135 0.71518937]
[ 0.60276338 0.54488318]
batch：
[ 0.4236548 0.64589411]
3、shuffle buffer不足三个样本，从源数据集提取一个样本：
shuffle buffer：
[ 0.5488135 0.71518937]
[ 0.60276338 0.54488318]
[ 0.43758721 0.891773 ]
4、从buffer中取一个样本到batch中得：
shuffle buffer：
[ 0.5488135 0.71518937]
[ 0.43758721 0.891773 ]
batch：
[ 0.4236548 0.64589411]
[ 0.60276338 0.54488318]
5、如此反复。这就意味中如果shuffle 的buffer size=1，数据集不打乱。如果shuffle 的buffer size=数据集样本数量，随机打乱整个数据集

import osos.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = ""import numpy as npimport tensorflow as tfnp.random.seed(0)x = np.random.sample((11,2))# make a dataset from a numpy arrayprint(x)print()dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(x)dataset = dataset.shuffle(1)dataset = dataset.batch(4)dataset = dataset.repeat(2)# create the iteratoriter = dataset.make_one_shot_iterator()el = iter.get_next()with tf.Session() as sess: print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el))[[ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ] [ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]][[ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ]][[ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ]][[ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]][[ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ]][[ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ]][[ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]]

注意如果repeat在shuffle之前使用：

官方说repeat在shuffle之前使用能提高性能，但模糊了数据样本的epoch关系

import osos.environ['CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES'] = ""import numpy as npimport tensorflow as tfnp.random.seed(0)x = np.random.sample((11,2))# make a dataset from a numpy arrayprint(x)print()dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(x)dataset = dataset.repeat(2)dataset = dataset.shuffle(11)dataset = dataset.batch(4)# create the iteratoriter = dataset.make_one_shot_iterator()el = iter.get_next()with tf.Session() as sess: print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el)) print(sess.run(el))[[ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.79172504 0.52889492] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ] [ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]][[ 0.56804456 0.92559664] [ 0.5488135 0.71518937] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ]][[ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.43758721 0.891773 ] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215]][[ 0.79172504 0.52889492] #出现相同样本出现在同一个batch中 [ 0.79172504 0.52889492] [ 0.60276338 0.54488318] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411]][[ 0.07103606 0.0871293 ] [ 0.4236548 0.64589411] [ 0.96366276 0.38344152] [ 0.5488135 0.71518937]][[ 0.97861834 0.79915856] [ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.77815675 0.87001215] [ 0.56804456 0.92559664]][[ 0.0202184 0.83261985] [ 0.97861834 0.79915856]] #可以看到最后个batch为2，而前面都是4

使用案例：

def input_fn(filenames, batch_size=32, num_epochs=1, perform_shuffle=False): print('Parsing', filenames) def decode_libsvm(line): #columns = tf.decode_csv(value, record_defaults=CSV_COLUMN_DEFAULTS) #features = dict(zip(CSV_COLUMNS, columns)) #labels = features.pop(LABEL_COLUMN) columns = tf.string_split([line], ' ') labels = tf.string_to_number(columns.values[0], out_type=tf.float32) splits = tf.string_split(columns.values[1:], ':') id_vals = tf.reshape(splits.values,splits.dense_shape) feat_ids, feat_vals = tf.split(id_vals,num_or_size_splits=2,axis=1) feat_ids = tf.string_to_number(feat_ids, out_type=tf.int32) feat_vals = tf.string_to_number(feat_vals, out_type=tf.float32) #feat_ids = tf.reshape(feat_ids,shape=[-1,FLAGS.field_size]) #for i in range(splits.dense_shape.eval()[0]): # feat_ids.append(tf.string_to_number(splits.values[2*i], out_type=tf.int32)) # feat_vals.append(tf.string_to_number(splits.values[2*i+1])) #return tf.reshape(feat_ids,shape=[-1,field_size]), tf.reshape(feat_vals,shape=[-1,field_size]), labels return {"feat_ids": feat_ids, "feat_vals": feat_vals}, labels # Extract lines from input files using the Dataset API, can pass one filename or filename list dataset = tf.data.TextLineDataset(filenames).map(decode_libsvm, num_parallel_calls=10).prefetch(500000) # multi-thread pre-process then prefetch # Randomizes input using a window of 256 elements (read into memory) if perform_shuffle: dataset = dataset.shuffle(buffer_size=256) # epochs from blending together. dataset = dataset.repeat(num_epochs) dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size) # Batch size to use #return dataset.make_one_shot_iterator() iterator = dataset.make_one_shot_iterator() batch_features, batch_labels = iterator.get_next() #return tf.reshape(batch_ids,shape=[-1,field_size]), tf.reshape(batch_vals,shape=[-1,field_size]), batch_labels return batch_features, batch_labels

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