折线图

Axes3D.plot(xs,ys,*args,**kwargs)

Argument Description xs,ys x, y coordinates of vertices zs z value(s), either one for all points or one for each point. zdir Which direction to use as z (‘x', ‘y' or ‘z') when plotting a 2D set.

import matplotlib as mplfrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10 fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)r = z ** 2 + 1x = r * np.sin(theta)y = r * np.cos(theta)ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')ax.legend() plt.show()

散点图

Axes3D.scatter(xs,ys,zs=0,zdir='z',s=20,c=None,depthshade=True,*args,**kwargs)

Argument Description xs,ys Positions of data points. zs Either an array of the same length asxsandysor a single value to place all points in the same plane. Default is 0. zdir Which direction to use as z (‘x', ‘y' or ‘z') when plotting a 2D set. s Size in points^2. It is a scalar or an array of the same length asxandy. c A color.ccan be a single color format string, or a sequence of color specifications of lengthN, or a sequence ofNnumbers to be mapped to colors using thecmapandnormspecified via kwargs (see below). Note thatcshould not be a single numeric RGB or RGBA sequence because that is indistinguishable from an array of values to be colormapped.ccan be a 2-D array in which the rows are RGB or RGBA, however, including the case of a single row to specify the same color for all points. depthshade Whether or not to shade the scatter markers to give the appearance of depth. Default isTrue.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np def randrange(n, vmin, vmax): ''' Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, ) with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax). ''' return (vmax - vmin) * np.random.rand(n) + vmin fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') n = 100 # For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].for c, m, zlow, zhigh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]: xs = randrange(n, 23, 32) ys = randrange(n, 0, 100) zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh) ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m) ax.set_xlabel('X Label')ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')ax.set_zlabel('Z Label') plt.show()

线框图

Axes3D.plot_wireframe(X,Y,Z,*args,**kwargs)

Argument Description X,Y, Data values as 2D arrays Z rstride Array row stride (step size), defaults to 1 cstride Array column stride (step size), defaults to 1 rcount Use at most this many rows, defaults to 50 ccount Use at most this many columns, defaults to 50

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') # Grab some test data.X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05) # Plot a basic wireframe.ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10) plt.show()

表面图

Axes3D.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,*args,**kwargs)

Argument Description X,Y,Z Data values as 2D arrays rstride Array row stride (step size) cstride Array column stride (step size) rcount Use at most this many rows, defaults to 50 ccount Use at most this many columns, defaults to 50 color Color of the surface patches cmap A colormap for the surface patches. facecolors Face colors for the individual patches norm An instance of Normalize to map values to colors vmin Minimum value to map vmax Maximum value to map shade Whether to shade the facecolors

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib import cmfrom matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatterimport numpy as np fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') # Make data.X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)Z = np.sin(R) # Plot the surface.surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap=cm.coolwarm, linewidth=0, antialiased=False) # Customize the z axis.ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f')) # Add a color bar which maps values to colors.fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=5) plt.show()

柱状图

Axes3D.bar(left,height,zs=0,zdir='z',*args,**kwargs)

Argument Description left The x coordinates of the left sides of the bars. height The height of the bars. zs Z coordinate of bars, if one value is specified they will all be placed at the same z. zdir Which direction to use as z (‘x', ‘y' or ‘z') when plotting a 2D set.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')for c, z in zip(['r', 'g', 'b', 'y'], [30, 20, 10, 0]): xs = np.arange(20) ys = np.random.rand(20) # You can provide either a single color or an array. To demonstrate this, # the first bar of each set will be colored cyan. cs = [c] * len(xs) cs[0] = 'c' ax.bar(xs, ys, zs=z, zdir='y', color=cs, alpha=0.8) ax.set_xlabel('X')ax.set_ylabel('Y')ax.set_zlabel('Z') plt.show()

箭头图

Axes3D.quiver(*args,**kwargs)

Arguments:

X, Y, Z:
The x, y and z coordinates of the arrow locations (default is tail of arrow; see pivot kwarg)
U, V, W:
The x, y and z components of the arrow vectors

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3dimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport numpy as np fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') # Make the gridx, y, z = np.meshgrid(np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.2), np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.2), np.arange(-0.8, 1, 0.8)) # Make the direction data for the arrowsu = np.sin(np.pi * x) * np.cos(np.pi * y) * np.cos(np.pi * z)v = -np.cos(np.pi * x) * np.sin(np.pi * y) * np.cos(np.pi * z)w = (np.sqrt(2.0 / 3.0) * np.cos(np.pi * x) * np.cos(np.pi * y) * np.sin(np.pi * z)) ax.quiver(x, y, z, u, v, w, length=0.1, normalize=True) plt.show()

2D转3D图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') # Plot a sin curve using the x and y axes.x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)y = np.sin(x * 2 * np.pi) / 2 + 0.5ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='curve in (x,y)') # Plot scatterplot data (20 2D points per colour) on the x and z axes.colors = ('r', 'g', 'b', 'k')x = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))y = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))labels = np.random.randint(3, size=80) # By using zdir='y', the y value of these points is fixed to the zs value 0# and the (x,y) points are plotted on the x and z axes.ax.scatter(x, y, zs=0, zdir='y', c=labels, label='points in (x,z)') # Make legend, set axes limits and labelsax.legend()ax.set_xlim(0, 1)ax.set_ylim(0, 1)ax.set_zlim(0, 1)ax.set_xlabel('X')ax.set_ylabel('Y')ax.set_zlabel('Z') # Customize the view angle so it's easier to see that the scatter points lie# on the plane y=0ax.view_init(elev=20., azim=-35) plt.show()

文本图

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3Dimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig = plt.figure()ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') # Demo 1: zdirzdirs = (None, 'x', 'y', 'z', (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1))xs = (1, 4, 4, 9, 4, 1)ys = (2, 5, 8, 10, 1, 2)zs = (10, 3, 8, 9, 1, 8) for zdir, x, y, z in zip(zdirs, xs, ys, zs): label = '(%d, %d, %d), dir=%s' % (x, y, z, zdir) ax.text(x, y, z, label, zdir) # Demo 2: colorax.text(9, 0, 0, "red", color='red') # Demo 3: text2D# Placement 0, 0 would be the bottom left, 1, 1 would be the top right.ax.text2D(0.05, 0.95, "2D Text", transform=ax.transAxes) # Tweaking display region and labelsax.set_xlim(0, 10)ax.set_ylim(0, 10)ax.set_zlim(0, 10)ax.set_xlabel('X axis')ax.set_ylabel('Y axis')ax.set_zlabel('Z axis') plt.show()

3D拼图

import matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D, get_test_datafrom matplotlib import cmimport numpy as np # set up a figure twice as wide as it is tallfig = plt.figure(figsize=plt.figaspect(0.5)) # ===============# First subplot# ===============# set up the axes for the first plotax = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1, projection='3d') # plot a 3D surface like in the example mplot3d/surface3d_demoX = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)R = np.sqrt(X ** 2 + Y ** 2)Z = np.sin(R)surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.coolwarm, linewidth=0, antialiased=False)ax.set_zlim(-1.01, 1.01)fig.colorbar(surf, shrink=0.5, aspect=10) # ===============# Second subplot# ===============# set up the axes for the second plotax = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 2, projection='3d') # plot a 3D wireframe like in the example mplot3d/wire3d_demoX, Y, Z = get_test_data(0.05)ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10) plt.show()

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