自定义数据库字段

扩展默认的models.CharField和models.TextField使之成为支持多语言的字段。
可以轻松实现复用，无需配置多余选项

from django.conf import settingsfrom django.db import modelsfrom django.utils.translation import get_languageclass MultilingualField(models.Field): SUPPORTED_FIELD_TYPES = [models.CharField, models.TextField] def __init__(self, verbose_name=None, **kwargs): self.localized_field_model = None for model in MultilingualField.SUPPORTED_FIELD_TYPES: if issubclass(self.__class__, model): self.localized_field_model = model self._blank = kwargs.get("blank", False) self._editable = kwargs.get("editable", True) super().__init__(verbose_name, **kwargs) @staticmethod def localized_field_name(name, lang_code): lang_code_safe = lang_code.replace("-", "_") return f"{name}_{lang_code_safe}" def get_localized_field(self, lang_code, lang_name): _blank = (self._blank if lang_code == settings.LANGUAGE_CODE else True) localized_field = self.localized_field_model( f"{self.verbose_name} ({lang_name})", name=self.name, primary_key=self.primary_key, max_length=self.max_length, unique=self.unique, blank=_blank, null=False, # we ignore the null argument! db_index=self.db_index, default=self.default or "", editable=self._editable, serialize=self.serialize, choices=self.choices, help_text=self.help_text, db_column=None, db_tablespace=self.db_tablespace) return localized_field def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, private_only=False): def translated_value(self): language = get_language() val = self.__dict__.get( MultilingualField.localized_field_name( name, language)) if not val: val = self.__dict__.get( MultilingualField.localized_field_name( name, settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)) return val # generate language-specific fields dynamically if not cls._meta.abstract: if self.localized_field_model: for lang_code, lang_name in settings.LANGUAGES: localized_field = self.get_localized_field( lang_code, lang_name) localized_field.contribute_to_class( cls, MultilingualField.localized_field_name( name, lang_code)) setattr(cls, name, property(translated_value)) else: super().contribute_to_class( cls, name, private_only)class MultilingualCharField(models.CharField, MultilingualField): passclass MultilingualTextField(models.TextField, MultilingualField): pass

这里定义了 MultilingualCharField 和 MultilingualTextField字段

使用方法

settings.py中配置多语言

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'LANGUAGES = ( ('en-us', 'US English'), ('zh-hans', 'Asia/Shanghai'))

默认语言设置为中文，多语言为英语

models.py中使用字段

from django.db import modelsfrom django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _from utils.fields import ( MultilingualCharField, MultilingualTextField)class Item(models.Model): title = MultilingualCharField(_('Title'), max_length=200) description = MultilingualTextField(_('Description'), blank=True) content = MultilingualTextField(_('Content')) def __str__(self): return self.title

效果图

可以看到，数据库字段自动生成了相应语言的字段

当用户语言切换到其他，可以自动适配实现多语言

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。