python 网络编程详解

网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix，各个平台（如windows、Linux等）、各门语言（C、C++、Python、Java等）所实现的符合自身特性的语法都大同小异。在我看来，懂得了Unix的socket网络编程，其他的形式的网络编程方法也就知道了。这句话说得还不太严谨。准确的应该说成懂得了socket编程的原理，网络编程也就知道了，不同之处就在于每个平台，每个语言都有自己专享的语法，我们直接灵活套用就行了。

下面是用python实现的最基本的网络编程的例子，即依托于客户端-服务器的架构，实现客户端与服务器之间的单向“数据流通”。我们分别用两个方法来实现，一个方法是最原始的socket编程，另一个方法是利用python的面向对象对第一种方法进行封装实现，目的是减少实现透明性，便于快速开发。

要求：客户端输入数据，发送到服务端，服务器端生成（时间戳+数据）的封装数据回应客户端。由于socket编程包括两种：面向连接的和无连接的，这两种分别对应TCP数据流和UDP数据报文。所以，我们两种方法都进行实现。

一、Python socket编程

面向连接的TCP socket编程：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 from socket import *from time import ctime # Address and PortHOST = ''PORT = 21567ADDR = (HOST, PORT)# BuffSizeBUFSIZ = 1024# build sockettcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)# bind sockettcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)# listen 5 client tcpSerSock.listen(5)try: while True: print 'waiting for connection...' # build client socket tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept() print '...connect from:', addr # accept data and process while True: data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ) if not data: break tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data)) # close client socket tcpCliSock.close()except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt: tcpSerSock.close()# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-from socket import *# Address and Port HOST = '127.0.0.1'PORT = 21567ADDR = (HOST, PORT)# BufferSizeBUFSIZ = 1024#build socket tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR)while True: data = raw_input('> ') if not data: break # send data tcpCliSocket.send(data) # recv data data = tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ) if not data: break # show data print datatcpCliSocket.close()

无连接的UDP socket编程

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from socket import *from time import ctime # Address and Port HOST = ''PORT = 8000ADDR = (HOST, PORT)# BufferSizeBUFFSIZE = 1024# build socketudpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)# bind socketudpSerSock.bind(ADDR)try: while True: print 'waiting the message...' data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE) print 'received the message: '+data+' from: ', addr udpSerSock.sendto('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data), addr)except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt: udpSerSock.close()# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from socket import *# Address and Port HOST = 'localhost'PORT = 8000ADDR = (HOST, PORT)# BufferSizeBUFSIZ = 1024# build socket udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)while True: data = raw_input('> ') udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR) data = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ) if not data: break print data udpCliSock.close()

二、基于封装类SocketServer的网络编程

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH from time import ctime # Address and PortHOST = ''PORT = 21567ADDR = (HOST, PORT)# BuffSizeBUFSIZ = 1024# build RequestHandlerclass MyRequestHandler(SRH): def handle(self): print '...connected from: ', self.client_address self.wfile.write('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline()))# build TCPServerTCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)print 'waiting for connection...'# loop to processTCPServ.serve_forever()# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-from socket import *# Address and Port HOST = '127.0.0.1'PORT = 21567ADDR = (HOST, PORT)# BufferSizeBUFSIZ = 1024while True: # note: SocketServer 的请求处理器的默认行为是接受连接， # 得到请求，然后就关闭连接，所以需要多次连接 tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM) tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR) # process data data = raw_input('> ') if not data: break tcpCliSock.send('%s\r\n' % data) data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ) if not data: break print data.strip() tcpCliSock.close()

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