通过?pandas.DataFrame.shift命令查看帮助文档

Signature: pandas.DataFrame.shift(self, periods=1, freq=None, axis=0) Docstring: Shift index by desired number of periods with an optional time freq

该函数主要的功能就是使数据框中的数据移动，若freq=None时，根据axis的设置，行索引数据保持不变，列索引数据可以在行上上下移动或在列上左右移动；若行索引为时间序列，则可以设置freq参数，根据periods和freq参数值组合，使行索引每次发生periods*freq偏移量滚动，列索引数据不会移动

① 对于DataFrame的行索引是日期型，行索引发生移动，列索引数据不变

In [2]: import pandas as pd ...: import numpy as np ...: df = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(24).reshape(6,4),index=pd.date_range(start= ...: '20170101',periods=6),columns=['A','B','C','D']) ...: df ...:Out[2]: A B C D2017-01-01 0 1 2 32017-01-02 4 5 6 72017-01-03 8 9 10 112017-01-04 12 13 14 152017-01-05 16 17 18 192017-01-06 20 21 22 23In [3]: df.shift(2,axis=0,freq='2D')Out[3]: A B C D2017-01-05 0 1 2 32017-01-06 4 5 6 72017-01-07 8 9 10 112017-01-08 12 13 14 152017-01-09 16 17 18 192017-01-10 20 21 22 23In [4]: df.shift(2,axis=1,freq='2D')Out[4]: A B C D2017-01-05 0 1 2 32017-01-06 4 5 6 72017-01-07 8 9 10 112017-01-08 12 13 14 152017-01-09 16 17 18 192017-01-10 20 21 22 23In [5]: df.shift(2,freq='2D')Out[5]: A B C D2017-01-05 0 1 2 32017-01-06 4 5 6 72017-01-07 8 9 10 112017-01-08 12 13 14 152017-01-09 16 17 18 192017-01-10 20 21 22 23

结论：对于时间索引而言，shift使时间索引发生移动，其他数据保存原样，且axis设置没有任何影响

② 对于DataFrame行索引为非时间序列，行索引数据保持不变，列索引数据发生移动

In [6]: import pandas as pd ...: import numpy as np ...: df = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(24).reshape(6,4),index=['r1','r2','r3','r4' ...: ,'r5','r6'],columns=['A','B','C','D']) ...: df ...:Out[6]: A B C Dr1 0 1 2 3r2 4 5 6 7r3 8 9 10 11r4 12 13 14 15r5 16 17 18 19r6 20 21 22 23In [7]: df.shift(periods=2,axis=0)Out[7]: A B C Dr1 NaN NaN NaN NaNr2 NaN NaN NaN NaNr3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0r4 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0r5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0r6 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0In [8]: df.shift(periods=-2,axis=0)Out[8]: A B C Dr1 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0r2 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0r3 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0r4 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0r5 NaN NaN NaN NaNr6 NaN NaN NaN NaNIn [9]: df.shift(periods=2,axis=1)Out[9]: A B C Dr1 NaN NaN 0.0 1.0r2 NaN NaN 4.0 5.0r3 NaN NaN 8.0 9.0r4 NaN NaN 12.0 13.0r5 NaN NaN 16.0 17.0r6 NaN NaN 20.0 21.0In [10]: df.shift(periods=-2,axis=1)Out[10]: A B C Dr1 2.0 3.0 NaN NaNr2 6.0 7.0 NaN NaNr3 10.0 11.0 NaN NaNr4 14.0 15.0 NaN NaNr5 18.0 19.0 NaN NaNr6 22.0 23.0 NaN NaN

通过?pandas.DataFrame.diff命令查看帮助文档，发现和shift函数形式一样

Signature: pd.DataFrame.diff(self, periods=1, axis=0) Docstring: 1st discrete difference of object

下面看看diff函数和shift函数之间的关系

In [13]: df.diff(periods=2,axis=0)Out[13]: A B C Dr1 NaN NaN NaN NaNr2 NaN NaN NaN NaNr3 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0r4 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0r5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0r6 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0In [14]: df -df.diff(periods=2,axis=0)Out[14]: A B C Dr1 NaN NaN NaN NaNr2 NaN NaN NaN NaNr3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0r4 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0r5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0r6 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0In [15]: df.shift(periods=2,axis=0)Out[15]: A B C Dr1 NaN NaN NaN NaNr2 NaN NaN NaN NaNr3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0r4 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0r5 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0r6 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

以上这篇浅谈pandas中shift和diff函数关系就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。